Defense Acquisitions: Additional Actions Needed to Implement Proposed Improvements to Congressional Reporting
Fast Facts
DOD spends billions of dollars to acquire systems critical to the nation's security, including new aircraft, ships, and satellites. Congress recently required DOD to change the way it has traditionally reported on these acquisitions to Congress.
DOD proposed a web-based reporting approach to provide real-time access to acquisition information for Congress and other stakeholders. But many questions remain about how DOD will implement this approach, and DOD has yet to develop a plan for implementing it.
We recommended that DOD take actions to improve planning for its proposed approach.
Highlights
What GAO Found
For decades, the Department of Defense (DOD) reported to Congress on its costliest weapon programs via Selected Acquisition Reports. However, in January 2020, DOD adopted an Adaptive Acquisition Framework (AAF) with multiple acquisition pathways that broadened the range of approaches that could be used for costly, complex acquisition efforts. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 mandated that DOD propose a new method for reporting on acquisition programs, including for programs using alternative acquisition pathways.
DOD proposed a web-based reporting approach intended to improve efficiency and data transparency by providing real-time access to acquisition information for Congress and other stakeholders. This proposal builds on larger, ongoing initiatives within the department to make data more accessible to users. However, despite proposing to begin using this approach in fiscal year 2022, DOD's preparation for implementation has been limited and many open questions remain about how the approach would be implemented (see figure).
DOD Has Yet to Address Open Questions Related to Its Proposed Reporting Approach
DOD has yet to determine key aspects of implementing its proposal, in part, because it has not fully adopted leading practices associated with successful reform efforts. For example, DOD has yet to develop an implementation plan with key milestones or identify resources necessary to enact its proposal, among other actions it could take.
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, enacted in December 2021, requires DOD to develop plans and demonstrations related to the reporting system that will replace Selected Acquisition Report requirements. As DOD moves forward with addressing these new requirements, fully following leading reform practices would improve the department's preparation to effectively transform acquisition reporting in a timely manner. With programs already using the AAF, delays in DOD improving its reporting approach will ultimately affect Congress' access to complete information on acquisition efforts that it needs to perform its oversight role.
Why GAO Did This Study
DOD spends billions of dollars annually to acquire systems critical to the nation's security, including new major weapon systems—such as aircraft, ships, and satellites—and business systems to manage DOD operations. DOD weapon and business systems acquisition has been on GAO's High-Risk List since the 1990s. Over the last several years, the department implemented significant reforms that introduced new considerations for tracking and reporting on acquisitions. However, the ability of congressional leadership to conduct timely oversight remains fundamental to ensuring the acquisition system responds to warfighter needs.
A House Report included a provision for GAO to review DOD's proposal for a new reporting methodology for its acquisition programs. This GAO report describes DOD's proposed methodology and assesses the extent to which the department is prepared to implement the proposed approach. GAO reviewed DOD's proposal, as well as policies and other relevant documentation, and compared DOD's planning efforts to its proposal and to leading reform practices from prior GAO work. GAO also interviewed DOD officials.
Recommendations
GAO is making two recommendations that DOD fully implement leading practices for managing reform efforts, such as by developing an implementation plan to track progress. DOD concurred with both recommendations and described planned or ongoing actions to address them.
Recommendations for Executive Action
| Agency Affected | Recommendation | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Department of Defense | The Secretary of Defense should ensure the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment fully implements leading reform practices in the area of leadership focus and attention while developing the reporting system that will replace the Selected Acquisition Report requirements, such as by creating a dedicated implementation team that has the capacity, including staffing and resources, to manage the reform process. (Recommendation 1) | DOD concurred with this recommendation, but as of November 2024, has yet to fully implement it. At the end of July 2023, the Office of the Under Secretary for Acquisition and Sustainment (OUSD A&S) issued the Implementation Plan for the Department of Defense's Modernized Selected Acquisition Report (MSAR) Process. The plan designated leadership roles and responsibilities for the effort, specifying that the Acquisition Data and Analytics office within OUSD(A&S) will be responsible for the overall effort. It also noted that the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office (CDAO) will be responsible for maintaining the web-based reporting system. Further, the plan states that A&S, CDAO,... and other offices have established a matrixed team that meets regularly to work towards implementing the MSAR. However, DOD has yet to make key decisions that would allow it to ensure it has an implementation team with the capacity to manage and implement the MSAR process, as called for by leading practices. DOD's implementation plan notes that producing comprehensive reporting is demanding on the resources of both A&S and the DOD components. It also notes that recommendations to add new content to the reports will require additional personnel and funding. However, the plan does not quantify the resources required. It states that they are dependent upon the number of new requirements, the complexity of software features, and the integration necessary to support external reporting requirements - factors that DOD has yet to finalize. DOD has not provided new information since August 2023 on any actions to implement this recommendation. We will continue to monitor DOD's efforts in this area.
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| Department of Defense | The Secretary of Defense should ensure the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment fully implements leading reform practices in the area of managing and monitoring reforms while developing the reporting system that will replace the Selected Acquisition Report requirements, such as by developing an implementation plan with key milestones and deliverables. (Recommendation 2) | DOD concurred with this recommendation, but, as of November 2024, has yet to fully implement it. At the end of July 2023, the Office of the Under Secretary for Acquisition and Sustainment (OUSD A&S) issued an Implementation Plan for the Department of Defense's Modernized Selected Acquisition Report (MSAR) Process. The plan included some high-level milestones and planned deliverables. For example, the plan states that DOD will execute a December 2023 MSAR cycle, which the plan says will include most of the data that the Office of the Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation recommended including in the MSARs. Middle Tier of Acquisition programs will be included in the December...
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