Tax Credits:
Reasons for Cost Differences in Housing Built by For-Profit and Nonprofit Developers
RCED-99-60: Published: Mar 10, 1999. Publicly Released: Mar 10, 1999.
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Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the characteristics of the residents and properties that have benefited from the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program, focusing on assessing the impact of variations in characteristics such as the type or location of the property or the type of tenants served.
GAO noted that: (1) while tax credit units built by nonprofit developers cost more, on average, than units built by for-profit developers, nonprofit developers' costs were not necessarily higher when differences in the units' characteristics were taken into account; (2) GAO identified four characteristics that both increased average costs and were more likely to be associated with units built by nonprofit developers; (3) these characteristics were: (a) location in areas with high poverty and unemployment rates; (b) location in areas eligible for additional tax credits (because the costs of development were high relative to incomes in these areas); (c) large units; and (d) units in the Northeast or Pacific regions; (4) taking these and the other characteristics GAO studied into consideration, GAO found that the estimated per-unit cost was $5,600 more for nonprofit developers than for for-profit developers; (5) however, because the analysis was based on a sample and sampling introduces uncertainty, this cost difference could range from $1,600 less to $12,700 more for units built by nonprofit developers; and (6) consequently, the difference in estimated per-unit costs for nonprofit and for-profit developers was not statistically significant.
Mar 1, 2021
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Jan 14, 2021
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Tax Administration:
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Nov 9, 2020
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Improved Oversight Needed to Evaluate Tax Expenditure PerformanceGAO-21-30: Published: Oct 8, 2020. Publicly Released: Nov 9, 2020.
Oct 19, 2020
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Tax Administration:
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Sep 23, 2020
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Taxpayer Service:
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Aug 31, 2020
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Jun 29, 2020
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Taxpayer Compliance:
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Jun 16, 2020
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Tax Exempt Organizations:
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May 1, 2020
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Management Report:
Improvements Are Needed to Enhance the Internal Revenue Service's Internal Control over Financial ReportingGAO-20-480R: Published: May 1, 2020. Publicly Released: May 1, 2020.
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