Homeland Security:
DHS Has Taken Actions to Strengthen Border Security Programs and Operations, but Challenges Remain
GAO-08-542T: Published: Mar 6, 2008. Publicly Released: Mar 6, 2008.
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Since September 11, 2001, the need to secure U.S. borders has increased in importance and attracted greater public and Congressional attention. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has spent billions of dollars to prevent the illegal entry of individuals and contraband between ports of entry--government-designated locations where DHS inspects persons and goods to determine whether they may be lawfully admitted into the country. Yet, while DHS apprehends hundreds of thousands of such individuals each year, several hundreds of thousands more enter the country illegally and undetected. The U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a component of DHS, is the lead federal agency in charge of securing our nation's borders. This testimony summarizes GAO's work on DHS's efforts on selected border security operations and programs related to (1) inspecting travelers at U.S. ports of entry, (2) detecting individuals attempting to enter the country illegally between ports of entry, and (3) screening of international travelers before they arrive in the United States and challenges remaining in these areas. GAO's observations are based on products issued from May 2006 through February 2008. In prior reports, GAO has recommended various actions to DHS to, among other things, help address weaknesses in the traveler inspection programs and processes, and challenges in training officers to inspect travelers and documents. DHS has generally agreed with our recommendations and has taken various actions to address them.
CBP has taken actions to improve traveler inspections at U.S. ports of entry, but challenges remain. First, CBP has stressed the importance of effective inspections and trained CBP supervisors and officers in interviewing travelers. Yet, weaknesses in travel inspection procedures and lack of physical infrastructure and staff have hampered CBP's ability to inspect travelers thoroughly and detect fraudulent documents. Second, CBP is implementing an initiative requiring citizens of the United States, Bermuda, Canada, and Mexico to present certain identification documents when entering the United States. As of December 2007, actions taken to meet the initiative's requirements include selecting technology to be used at land ports of entry and developing plans to train officers to use it. Finally, DHS has developed a program to collect, maintain, and share data on selected foreign nationals entering and exiting the country. As of October 2007, the agency has invested more than $1.5 billion on the program over 4 years and biometrically-enabled entry capabilities now operate at more than 300 ports of entry. However, though allocating about $250 million since 2003 to exit-related efforts, DHS has not yet detailed how it will verify when travelers exit the country. In November 2005, DHS announced the launch of a multiyear, multibillion-dollar program aimed at securing U.S. borders and reducing immigration of individuals who enter the United States illegally and undetected between ports of entry. One component of this program, which DHS accepted as complete in February 2008, was an effort to secure 28 miles along the southwest border using, among other means, improved cameras and radars. DHS plans to apply the lessons learned to future projects. Another program component, 370 miles of pedestrian fence and 300 miles of vehicle fence, has not yet been completed and DHS will be challenged to do so by its December 2008 deadline due to various factors, such as acquiring rights to border lands. Additionally, DHS is unable to estimate the total cost of this component because various factors are not yet known such as the type of terrain where the fencing is to be constructed. Finally, CBP has experienced unprecedented growth in the number of its Border Patrol agents. While initial training at the academy is being provided, Border Patrol officials expressed concerns about the agency's ability to provide sufficient field training. To screen international travelers before they arrive in the United States, the federal government has implemented new policies and programs, including enhancing visa security and providing counterterrorism training to overseas consular officials. As GAO previously recommended, DHS needs to better manage risks posed by a program that allows nationals from 27 countries to travel to the United States without a visa for certain durations and purposes. Regarding the prescreening of international passengers bound for the United States, CBP has a pilot program that provides additional scrutiny of passengers and their travel documents at foreign airports prior to their departure. CBP has reported several successes through the pilot but has not yet determined whether to make the program permanent.
Feb 26, 2021
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Immigration Enforcement:
ICE Can Further Enhance Its Planning and Oversight of State and Local AgreementsGAO-21-186: Published: Jan 27, 2021. Publicly Released: Feb 26, 2021.
Feb 25, 2021
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Airport Worker Screening:
TSA Could Further Strengthen Its Approach to Estimating Costs and Feasibility of Security MeasuresGAO-21-273: Published: Feb 25, 2021. Publicly Released: Feb 25, 2021.
Feb 23, 2021
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Southwest Border Security:
Actions Are Needed to Address the Cost and Readiness Implications of Continued DOD Support to U.S. Customs and Border ProtectionGAO-21-356: Published: Feb 23, 2021. Publicly Released: Feb 23, 2021.
Feb 19, 2021
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Countering Violent Extremism:
DHS Needs to Improve Grants Management and Data CollectionGAO-21-216: Published: Feb 1, 2021. Publicly Released: Feb 19, 2021.
Feb 12, 2021
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Immigration Detention:
Actions Needed to Improve Planning, Documentation, and Oversight of Detention Facility ContractsGAO-21-149: Published: Jan 13, 2021. Publicly Released: Feb 12, 2021.
Feb 3, 2021
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2018 Pacific Island Disasters:
Federal Actions Helped Facilitate the Response, but FEMA Needs to Address Long-Term Recovery ChallengesGAO-21-91: Published: Feb 3, 2021. Publicly Released: Feb 3, 2021.
Feb 2, 2021
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Disaster Resilience:
FEMA Should Take Additional Steps to Streamline Hazard Mitigation Grants and Assess Program EffectsGAO-21-140: Published: Feb 2, 2021. Publicly Released: Feb 2, 2021.
Jan 28, 2021
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U.S. Ports of Entry:
Update on CBP Public-Private Partnership ProgramsGAO-21-234R: Published: Jan 28, 2021. Publicly Released: Jan 28, 2021.
Jan 25, 2021
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Southwest Border:
DHS and DOJ Have Implemented Expedited Credible Fear Screening Pilot Programs, but Should Ensure Timely Data EntryGAO-21-144: Published: Jan 25, 2021. Publicly Released: Jan 25, 2021.
Jan 21, 2021
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Chemical Security:
Overlapping Programs Could Better Collaborate to Share Information and Identify Potential Security GapsGAO-21-12: Published: Jan 21, 2021. Publicly Released: Jan 21, 2021.
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