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entitled 'Science and Technology: Information on Federal Programs and 
Interagency Efforts That Support Small Businesses Engaged in 
Manufacturing' which was released on June 18, 2007. 

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Report to Congressional Requesters: 

United States Government Accountability Office: 

GAO: 

May 2007: 

Science and Technology: 

Information on Federal Programs and Interagency Efforts That Support 
Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing: 

GAO-07-714: 

GAO Highlights: 

Highlights of GAO-07-714, a report to congressional requesters 

Why GAO Did This Study: 

Small businesses engaged in manufacturing, typically those with 500 or 
fewer employees, comprise about 90 percent of all U.S. manufacturers 
and employ 6 million workers. Recent studies have shown that small 
manufacturing businesses face a number of challenges in their efforts 
to remain competitive, including the inability to obtain operating and 
investment capital, a lack of familiarity with new business practices, 
and difficulty in finding independent advice and skilled employees. To 
help these businesses overcome such challenges, many federal agencies 
provide financial and nonfinancial technical services through targeted 
or general programs or create interagency work groups to better 
coordinate their efforts and more effectively support these businesses. 

In this context, GAO identified (1) federal programs that provide 
services to support small businesses engaged in manufacturing and (2) 
federal interagency efforts that focus on issues of concern to small 
manufacturing businesses. To identify these programs and efforts, GAO 
obtained documentation from 19 federal agencies. 

In commenting on a draft of this report, 18 of the 19 agencies made 
technical comments that we have incorporated as appropriate. 

GAO is not making recommendations in this report. 

What GAO Found: 

GAO identified 254 federal programs that provide services to support 
the business sector, of which 5 provide services specifically to small 
businesses engaged in manufacturing and an additional 15 target 
manufacturers, regardless of their size. Seven of the 20 programs had 
data on the level of services provided to small manufacturing 
businesses, and between fiscal years 2004 through 2006 these programs 
provided over $35 million and served from about 8,000 small 
manufacturing businesses in 2004 to over 9,000 in 2006. The 5 programs 
that target small businesses engaged in manufacturing provide primarily 
nonfinancial technical assistance to help firms improve the efficiency 
of their manufacturing operations and their quality control processes 
as well as to solve specific manufacturing problems. These 5 programs 
also offer small manufacturing businesses general assistance with their 
strategic and business planning, accounting and financing, and sales 
and marketing. In addition, 1 of the 5 programs offers financial 
assistance. Of the 15 programs that provide services to manufacturers, 
regardless of their size, 9 offer only nonfinancial services similar to 
the 5 that target small manufacturing firms, and 6 also provide 
financial services. Small businesses engaged in manufacturing also can 
obtain services from 127 other federal programs that are available to 
all small businesses, regardless of their business type. Many of these 
programs provide general business and management services, and about 35 
percent also offer financial services, such as loans or grants. 
Finally, small manufacturing businesses can obtain general business, 
export, and financial services from an additional 107 federal programs 
designed to help the business sector in general, regardless of the size 
or type of the business involved. Because not all of these programs 
gather data on the size of the businesses they serve, it is unclear how 
many small manufacturing firms received services from these general 
programs. 

GAO identified 20 federal interagency efforts that focus on supporting 
the business sector. Of these 20 efforts, 4 were created specifically 
to focus on the challenges that small businesses engaged in 
manufacturing face, and 2 were created to focus on issues relevant to 
manufacturers in general, regardless of their size. The agencies 
involved in 3 of the 4 interagency efforts that focus on the concerns 
of small manufacturing businesses collaborate to expand and coordinate 
their services through national networks of technical assistance 
centers. The 4th effort involves efforts to help small manufacturing 
businesses improve the efficiency of their operations. The 2 
interagency efforts that focus on issues relevant to manufacturers in 
general focus on developing strategies to improve the competitiveness 
of manufacturers and resolving issues associated with manufacturing-
related research and development policies, programs, and budgets. The 
remaining 14 interagency efforts that GAO identified focus on the 
concerns of small businesses or of all businesses in general, which may 
include some issues that also are of concern to small manufacturing 
businesses. 

[Hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-07-714]. 

To view the full product, including the scope and methodology, click on 
the link above. For more information, contact Anu K. Mittal at (202) 
512-3841 or mittala@gao.gov. 

[End of section] 

Contents: 

Letter: 

Results in Brief: 

Background: 

Few Federal Programs Target Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing, 
but Services Are Available through over 200 Federal Programs That 
Broadly Support the U.S. Business Sector: 

Six Interagency Efforts Support Manufacturing, and 14 Support All 
Businesses, Including Manufacturers: 

Agency Comments: 

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology: 

Appendix II: Department of Agriculture - Programs that Offer Services 
to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix III: Department of Commerce - Programs that Offer Services to 
Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix IV: Department of Defense - Programs that Offer Services to 
Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix V: Department of Education - Programs that Offer Services to 
Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix VI: Department of Energy - Programs that Offer Services to 
Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix VII: Department of Health and Human Services - Programs that 
Offer Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix VIII: Department of Homeland Security - Programs that Offer 
Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix IX: Housing and Urban Development - Programs that Offer 
Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Service: 

Appendix X: Department of the Interior - Programs that Offer Services 
to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix XI: Department of Labor - Programs that Offer Services to 
Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix XII: Department of Transportation-Programs that Offer Services 
to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix XIII: Department of Veterans Affairs - Programs that Offer 
Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix XIV: Environmental Protection Agency - Programs that Offer 
Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix XV: Export-Import Bank - Programs that Offer Services to Small 
Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix XVI: National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Programs 
that Offer Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix XVII: National Science Foundation - Programs that Offer 
Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix XVIII: Small Business Administration - Programs that Offer 
Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix XIX: Appalachian Regional Commission - Programs that Offer 
Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Appendix XX: Robert C. Byrd National Technology Transfer Center - 
Programs that Offer Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of 
Services: 

Appendix XXII: Interagency Efforts that Address Concerns of Small 
Businesses and Businesses Regardless of Size and Type: 

Appendix XXII: Studies of Programs that Support Small Businesses 
Engaged in Manufacturing: 

List of Studies: 

Appendix XXIII: GAO Contacts and Staff Acknowledgments: 

Tables: 

Table 1: Funding and Participation for 3 Programs That Serve Small 
Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing, Fiscal Years 2004-2006: 

Table 2: Funding or Participation or Both for 7 Federal Programs That 
Provided Services to Manufacturers, Regardless of Size, Fiscal Years 
2004-2006: 

Table 3: Funding and Participation by Small Businesses in Federal 
Programs That Serve Small Businesses, Regardless of Type, Fiscal Years 
2004-2006: 

Table 4: Services Provided by 107 Federal Programs to Businesses, 
Regardless of Size and Type: 

Table 5: Four Interagency Efforts Address Concerns of Small Businesses 
Engaged in Manufacturing: 

Table 6: Two Interagency Efforts Address the Concerns of Manufacturers, 
Regardless of Size: 

Table 7: Department of Agriculture Programs That Offer Services to 
Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturers by Agency, Target Businesses, 
and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 8: Services Provided by Department of Agriculture Programs by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 9: Department of Commerce Programs That Offer Services to Small 
Businesses Engaged in Manufacturers by Agency, Target Businesses, and 
Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 10: Services Provided by Department of Commerce Programs by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 11: Department of Defense Programs That Offer Services to Small 
Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, and 
Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 12: Services Provided by Department of Defense Programs by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 13: Department of Education Programs That Offer Services to Small 
Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, and 
Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table14: Services Provided by Department of Education Programs by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 15: Department of Energy Programs That Offer Services to Small 
Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, and 
Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 16: Services Provided by Department of Energy Programs by Agency, 
Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 17: Department of Health and Human Services Programs That Offer 
Services to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target 
Businesses, and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 18: Services Provided by Department of Health and Human Services 
Programs by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 19: Department of Homeland Security Programs That Offer Services 
to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target 
Businesses, and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 20: Services Provided by Department of Homeland Security Programs 
by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 21: Department of Housing and Urban Development Programs That 
Offer Services to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, 
Target Businesses and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 22: Services Provided by Department of Housing and Urban 
Development Programs by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of 
Services: 

Table 23: Department of the Interior Programs That Offer Services to 
Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, 
and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 24: Services Provided by Department of the Interior Programs by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 25: Department of Labor Programs That Offer Services to Small 
Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, and 
Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 26: Services Provided by Department of Labor Programs by Agency, 
Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 27: Department of Transportation Programs That Offer Services to 
Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, 
and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 28: Services Provided by Department of Transportation Programs by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 29: Department of Veterans Affairs Programs That Offer Services 
to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target 
Businesses, and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 30: Services Provided by Department of Veterans Affairs Programs 
by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 31: Environmental Protection Agency Programs That Offer Services 
to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target 
Businesses, and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 32: Services Provided by Environmental Protection Agency Programs 
by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 33: Export-Import Bank Programs That Offer Services to Small 
Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, and 
Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 34: Services Provided by Export-Import Bank Programs by Agency, 
Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 35: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Programs That 
Offer Services to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, 
Target Businesses, and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 36: Services Provided by National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Programs by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of 
Services: 

Table 37: National Science Foundation Programs That Offer Services to 
Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, 
and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 38: Services Provided by National Science Foundation Programs by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 39: Small Business Administration Programs That Offer Services to 
Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, 
and Purpose: 

Table 40: Services Provided by Small Business Administration Programs 
by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 41: Appalachian Regional Commission Programs That Offer Services 
to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target 
Businesses, and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 42: Services Provided by Appalachian Regional Commission Programs 
by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Table 43: Robert C. Byrd National Technology Transfer Center Programs 
That Offer Services to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Table 44: Services Provided by the Robert C. Byrd National Technology 
Transfer Center Programs by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of 
Services: 

Table 45: Five Interagency Efforts Address the Concerns of Small 
Businesses, Regardless of Type: 

Table 46: Nine Interagency Efforts Address the Concerns of All 
Businesses, Regardless of Size or Type: 

Abbreviations: 

DSTARR: Defense Small Business Technology and Readiness Resources 
Program: 

EPA: Environmental Protection Agency: 

FSIS: Food Safety and Inspection Service: 

ITA: International Trade Administration: 

MEP: Manufacturing Extension Partnership: 

MTAPP: Manufacturing Technical Assistance Production Program: 

NAICS: North American Industry Classification System: 

NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology: 

R&D: Research and development: 

SBA: Small Business Administration: 

SBIR: Small Business Innovation Research Program: 

TAA: Trade Adjustment Assistance: 

TIDE: Technology Insertion, Demonstration, and Evaluation: 

[End of section] 

United States Government Accountability Office: 
Washington, DC 20548: 

May 18, 2007: 

The Honorable Steve Chabot: 
Ranking Member: 
Committee on Small Business: 
House of Representatives: 

The Honorable Donald A. Manzullo: 
House of Representatives: 

The ability of U.S. manufacturers to successfully compete in the global 
economy is essential to the nation's continued economic growth and 
standard of living. Small businesses engaged in manufacturing (referred 
to as "small manufacturers" in this report), typically those with 500 
or fewer employees, comprise over 90 percent of all U.S. manufacturers 
and employ 6 million workers.[Footnote 1] Recent studies have shown 
that these small manufacturers were particularly hard hit during the 
recession that began in 2001 and the subsequent slow economic recovery, 
and that these manufacturers continue to face serious challenges to 
their efforts to remain competitive. These challenges include 
difficulties in obtaining operating capital and investment funds to 
modernize their operations; their relative lack of familiarity with 
changing technology, production techniques, and business management 
practices; difficulties in finding high-quality, independent advice and 
assistance; and difficulties in obtaining skilled employees. While the 
federal government has devoted considerable resources to programs that 
can help small businesses, including manufacturers, to more effectively 
address these types of challenges and compete in today's global market, 
industry analysts believe that many small manufacturers may be unaware 
of this assistance. 

Federal programs that support manufacturing and other businesses offer 
services designed to help businesses improve their operations in a 
range of areas. For example, programs may offer financial services in 
the form of loans or loan guarantees to help businesses obtain funds 
for daily or export operations or to acquire needed buildings or 
equipment. Federal programs also may offer nonfinancial services, such 
as consulting or assessments, to help businesses improve their 
efficiency, adopt modern technologies, export their products, or train 
their workers. 

In addition to programs that help individual businesses, federal 
support for small businesses engaged in manufacturing may take the form 
of interagency efforts that bring together officials from several 
federal agencies to focus on specific challenges that businesses face. 
For example, interagency efforts may focus on ensuring consistency in 
how a program is implemented by more than one agency or in how a 
program might better meet the needs of the businesses it serves. In 
other cases, interagency efforts may address a specific task, such as 
coordinating research programs across several agencies. These types of 
interagency efforts may disband once their task is complete. 

In this context we identified (1) those programs that provide services 
to support manufacturing by U.S. small businesses and, for fiscal years 
2004 through 2006, the services and funds these programs provided and 
their levels of participation and (2) current federal interagency 
efforts that support manufacturing by U.S. small businesses. In 
addition, we compiled a list of studies that focused on federal 
programs that support small businesses engaged in manufacturing. See 
appendix XXII. 

To identify agencies and programs that provide services to support 
manufacturing by small businesses, we obtained documentation and 
interviewed officials at 17 executive departments, independent 
agencies, and a government corporation, including the Departments of 
Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human 
Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, the 
Interior, Labor, Transportation, and Veterans Affairs; Environmental 
Protection Agency; Export-Import Bank; National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration; National Science Foundation; and Small Business 
Administration. Throughout this report we refer collectively to these 
executive departments, independent agencies, and the government 
corporation as "agencies". We also searched the agencies' Web sites and 
the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance and interviewed officials 
representing state governments and trade associations. Through these 
efforts, we also identified relevant federal efforts at the National 
Technology Transfer Center and the Appalachian Regional Commission, 
bringing the total to 19 federal entities that administer programs 
offering services to businesses, including small manufacturers. We 
included assistance provided by federal entities and through contracts 
or other agreements with state governments as well as private and 
nonprofit entities that operate on the federal government's behalf. We 
focused our work on federal programs that support businesses by 
addressing challenges in the following five areas: obtaining capital; 
developing or deploying new technologies; applying improved technology, 
business, and management practices; exporting goods; and training 
workers. Because agencies may not track funding and participation in a 
consistent manner, the information they reported to us is an estimate 
of the minimum funding provided and businesses served. We excluded 
federal research programs that focus on advancing manufacturing-related 
knowledge and tools, but that do not offer operational services or 
financing to manufacturers. Because no comprehensive list of federal 
programs that provide services to manufacturers or other businesses 
exists, we cannot guarantee that we identified all such programs. 
However, we attempted to verify the accuracy and completeness of the 
information we gathered with relevant agency officials. Officials 
reviewed and verified information on over 70 percent of the programs 
that we identified. The information we included that was not reviewed 
by agency officials was obtained from agency documents and information 
contained in agency Web sites. The program descriptions included in 
this report, including the appendix descriptions, were derived from 
agency materials and do not reflect independent GAO legal analysis of 
any relevant program statutes, regulations, or administrative guidance. 

To identify interagency efforts to support small businesses, we 
searched the agencies' Web sites; obtained documentation; and 
interviewed officials at federal agencies and at organizations that 
represent state government officials and trade associations. We 
included both ongoing interagency efforts that coordinate the 
activities of programs that operate in multiple agencies and task- 
specific interagency efforts that may disband upon completion of an 
assigned task. We attempted to verify the information we gathered on 
these interagency efforts with relevant agency officials and reviewed 
available documentation on the mission, goals, and accomplishments of 
each effort. We consulted GAO technical experts and determined that the 
information and data were sufficiently reliable for this report. See 
appendix I for more details on the objectives, scope, and methodology. 
We conducted our work from May 2006 to April 2007 in accordance with 
generally accepted government auditing standards. 

Results in Brief: 

Of the 254 federal programs we identified that provide services that 
small businesses engaged in manufacturing can avail themselves of, only 
5 programs specifically target this class of businesses and 15 programs 
target all manufacturers regardless of their size. Over $35 million was 
provided from fiscal years 2004 to 2006, by 7 of the 20 programs that 
had funding data on the services they provided to small businesses 
engaged in manufacturing. The number of small manufacturing firms that 
received services from these 7 programs ranged from about 8,000 in 2004 
to over 9,000 in 2006. Regarding the types of services provided, we 
found that all 5 programs that specifically serve small businesses 
engaged in manufacturing provide nonfinancial technical assistance to 
help participants solve specific manufacturing problems or improve the 
efficiency of their manufacturing operations and quality control 
processes, and 1 program offers financial services. The 15 programs 
that provide services to manufacturers, regardless of their size, offer 
similar kinds of nonfinancial services, and 6 programs also offer 
financial services. Small businesses engaged in manufacturing also can 
obtain support from 127 other federal programs that assist small 
businesses regardless of the type of business. About 60 percent of 
these 127 programs provide only nonfinancial services, such as general 
business, management, and export assistance; about 5 percent offer only 
financial services, such as loans, grants, and access to contracting 
opportunities or export assistance; and the remainder offer both 
financial and nonfinancial services. Together, these 127 programs 
devoted an average of $90 billion each year from 2004 to 2006 to 
provide services to about 1.6 million small businesses, including 
manufacturers. Small businesses engaged in manufacturing also may 
obtain general business, export, and financial services from an 
additional 107 federal programs designed to support all businesses, 
regardless of their size or type. However, it is unclear how many small 
manufacturing firms received services from these general assistance 
programs because not all of the participating agencies track this 
information. 

We identified 20 federal interagency efforts that were created to 
support the U.S. business sector, 4 of these efforts focused on the 
challenges faced by small businesses engaged in manufacturing, and 2 
efforts focused on the challenges faced by manufacturers, regardless of 
their size. For example, in 3 of the 4 interagency efforts that focus 
on addressing the challenges faced by small businesses engaged in 
manufacturing federal agencies collaborate to expand and coordinate the 
services they offer to these kinds of firms through nationwide networks 
of service centers. Through the 4TH interagency effort, federal 
agencies help small businesses engaged in manufacturing use energy more 
efficiently and reduce the amount of left over materials (waste) that 
result from their manufacturing processes. Of the 2 interagency efforts 
that assist manufacturers, regardless of their size, the 1ST focuses on 
developing strategies to improve the competitiveness of manufacturers 
and the 2nd focuses on resolving issues associated with manufacturing- 
related research and development policies, programs, and budgets. The 
remaining 14 interagency efforts that we identified focus on the 
concerns of small businesses or of all businesses in general and may 
address some issues that also are relevant to small businesses engaged 
in manufacturing. In commenting on a draft of this report, 18 of the 19 
agencies provided technical comments that we have incorporated, as 
appropriate. 

Background: 

Manufacturing generally involves the mechanical, physical, or chemical 
transformation of materials, substances, or components into new 
products, including the production of food, automobiles, and clothing, 
among many other things. The materials that manufacturers transform 
into new products include raw materials from agricultural, forestry, 
fishing, mining, or quarrying businesses as well as component items 
produced by other manufacturers. Manufacturing also includes the 
assembly of components into manufactured products. Businesses engaged 
in manufacturing often are referred to as plants, factories, or mills, 
and most use power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment. 
However, products that are made by hand, or in a worker's home, and 
businesses that both make and sell products at the same location, such 
as bakeries, also qualify as manufacturers. 

In its narrowest sense, manufacturing consists of "factory floor" 
activities that contribute directly to the production of goods, such as 
cutting, grinding, and assembly. More broadly, manufacturing can 
include a range of activities that both precede and follow factory 
floor activities. Some activities, such as product design, process 
improvements, and quality management, are more specific to the 
manufacturing enterprise. Other activities are common to many types of 
businesses, such as the effective use of information technology, 
strategic planning, and administrative operations. 

Although no standard definition for small manufacturing businesses 
exists, two systems that are widely used to classify businesses by type 
and size can be used to define small businesses engaged in 
manufacturing (referred to in this report as "small manufacturers"). 
Specifically, the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), which categorizes businesses according to the principal 
activity in which they engage, has three general classifications for 
businesses engaged in manufacturing. In addition, the Small Business 
Administration (SBA) has size standards that define small businesses on 
the basis of average annual revenue or number of employees (typically, 
500 or fewer).[Footnote 2] For this report, we define small 
manufacturers as those businesses that have a NAICS manufacturing 
classification and meet SBA's criteria for small businesses. 

Small manufacturers are an important component of the manufacturing 
sector. These businesses numbered over 300,000 in 2004 and accounted 
for almost 45 percent of all U.S. manufacturing jobs. Many small 
manufacturers also export their goods directly or indirectly as 
suppliers or contractors for larger companies. In addition, small 
manufacturers are a significant source of innovation in the U.S. 
economy. On average, small manufacturers produce patents that are more 
frequently cited as important contributors to new patents than do large 
manufacturers. 

Over the past 14 years, studies have reported that small manufacturers 
possess many strengths due to their size, such as the ability to 
respond quickly to market changes. On the other hand, small 
manufacturers, like small businesses in general, lack the staff, 
resources, and expertise of their larger competitors and consequently 
face numerous challenges, including (1) finding sources of operating 
capital and investment funds (financial assistance); (2) bringing new 
products to market or finding new uses for existing technology 
(technology development and deployment assistance); (3) becoming 
familiar with new technologies, production techniques, and business 
management practices (technology, business, and management assistance); 
(4) competing in overseas markets (export assistance); and (5) 
obtaining skilled employees (worker training assistance).[Footnote 3] 

Federal programs offer a wide range of services to help businesses of 
all sizes and types address these challenges. For example, federal 
programs may offer financial services, such as grants, loans, loan 
guarantees, or insurance. These financial services may be for general 
business purposes, such as providing working capital or acquiring new 
equipment, or targeted to a specific need, such as covering the 
expenses necessary to export goods. Programs that offer nonfinancial 
services may include those that help businesses acquire the various 
types of specialized knowledge and skills they need to begin, operate, 
and expand their businesses; commercialize the results of their 
research projects; export their goods; or appropriately train their 
workforce. Federal programs also may provide financial and nonfinancial 
services using federal employees or through agreements with state 
governments, private entities, and nonprofit organizations that act on 
behalf of the federal government. 

Some federal programs are targeted to the needs of businesses of a 
specific size, regardless of type, such as the assistance SBA offers to 
small businesses. In other cases, federal programs target services to 
any size business but of a specific type, such as the assistance that 
the Farm Service Agency offers to food processors regardless of their 
size. Assistance also may be targeted to businesses adversely affected 
by trade policies or local disasters. Federal attention to the needs of 
manufacturers increased following the economic recession that began in 
2001 when manufacturing job losses were substantial and recovery in the 
manufacturing sector lagged behind other sectors. 

The extent to which agencies track program funding, the number of 
businesses they assist, and the type of businesses they assist varies. 
Agencies tend to track the financial services they provide in the form 
of grants, loans, loan guarantees, letters of credit, or insurance, in 
terms of both the value and the number of financial services. In 
addition, agencies may track financial data according to the source of 
their funds. For example, agencies may track the funds by their annual 
appropriations, the obligations to which they dedicate the appropriated 
funds, or the amount of dollars they expended in financial assistance. 
Agencies less often track the funding for and participation in 
nonfinancial service programs. Such services may be offered in single- 
or multipurpose "service centers" that offer assistance on a range of 
issues, and may involve the specialized expertise of staff from 
multiple agencies. Service centers may track the number of individuals 
or firms they serve but not the specific type of service provided to 
each business. Moreover, agencies may not gather NAICS codes or other 
information on the type of businesses they serve. Because of these 
differences, agencies may not track funding and participation data in a 
consistent manner. 

Federal agencies also may form interagency groups to coordinate the 
operations of their programs and help ensure that resources are used 
efficiently. These interagency efforts may focus on a specific program; 
for example, multiple federal agencies share responsibility for 
administering the Small Business Innovation Research Program and have 
created an interagency group to help ensure that the program is being 
implemented consistently across all of the agencies. Similarly, 
agencies may form an interagency effort to address specific activities, 
such as ensuring that small businesses have access to federal 
procurement opportunities. In addition, multiple agencies may be tasked 
by the President to focus their efforts on a specific topic of 
relevance to the business community. These agencies may create 
interagency groups consisting of representatives from multiple federal 
agencies to better coordinate their individual programs and 
crosscutting activities. For example, Commerce created an interagency 
group to implement its 2003 Manufacturing Initiative, which called for 
a comprehensive review of issues affecting manufacturers' 
competitiveness and a strategy to foster competition. Interagency 
groups that are set up to coordinate task-specific efforts may disband 
upon completion of the assigned task. 

Few Federal Programs Target Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing, 
but Services Are Available through over 200 Federal Programs That 
Broadly Support the U.S. Business Sector: 

Of the 254 federal programs we identified that provide financial or 
nonfinancial services or both to support the U.S. business sector, 5 
programs provide services specifically to small businesses engaged in 
manufacturing, while an additional 15 programs target manufacturers, 
regardless of their size. In addition, we identified 127 programs that 
offer financial or nonfinancial assistance or both to small businesses, 
regardless of type, and 107 other federal programs designed to support 
all types of businesses, regardless of their size or type. Appendixes 
II through XX provide detailed information on all 254 programs, by 
agency. 

Five Federal Programs Target Small Manufacturers: 

We identified 5 federal programs that specifically provide services to 
support small manufacturers. Each of the 5 programs offers various 
types of nonfinancial business, management, and technical assistance 
that are specifically related to manufacturing operations, processes, 
and problems. Only 1 of the 5 programs offered financial assistance in 
addition to its nonfinancial services. The types of services provided 
by the 5 programs were generally aligned with the mission of the 
administering agency and included the following: 

* The Outreach to Small and Very Small Plants program is administered 
by Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), which 
regulates manufacturers of meat, poultry, and egg products of all 
sizes, and helps small meat and poultry processors comply with food 
safety regulations. FSIS delivers information through partnerships with 
colleges, universities, and other Agriculture agencies. Its services to 
small manufacturers include informational materials about regulatory 
compliance; referrals to other sources of information; funding for 
university workshops; and training materials such as videos. FSIS also 
offers education sessions to small and very small plant owners and 
operators on how to improve their food safety and food defense systems, 
and provides guidance regarding federal inspection of their products to 
small and very small plant owners who want to start operations. 

* MilTech, administered in the Office of the Secretary, is a 
partnership between Defense's TechLink Program and the Montana 
Manufacturing Extension Partnership Center. MilTech provides companies 
with engineering, manufacturing, and business development assistance to 
help accelerate the transition of new technology to the U.S. 
warfighter, lower the cost and cycle time of technology acquisition, 
and help Defense more fully benefit from its small business research 
and development investment. 

* The Defense Small Business Technology and Readiness Resources Program 
(DSTARR), is administered by the Navy. DSTARR provides assessments of 
participating small manufacturers' operational processes at their 
places of business, and develops detailed continuous improvement plans 
to help participants implement industry best practices, gain knowledge, 
and improve operations. In addition, DSTARR offers online access to 
information and training, and access to technical experts who provide 
both on-site and remote technical assistance and training in 
manufacturing and business processes. The goal of DSTARR is to develop 
a national network of small manufacturers and specialized information 
technology companies to meet Defense's needs. Prior to December 2006, 
DSTARR was known as the Manufacturing Technical Assistance Partnership 
Program, The Next Generation. 

* The Manufacturing Technical Assistance Production Program (MTAPP) is 
administered by the Air Force. MTAPP provides technical and managerial 
assistance to enhance the capabilities of small manufacturers and 
increase their ability to deliver high-quality products to the Air 
Force, as well as to Defense, and its major contractors. Each 
participant receives an in-depth assessment of its operations and a 
continuous improvement plan. In addition, MTAPP provides hands on 
assistance with quality assurance, improving the efficiency of 
manufacturing operations, sales and marketing, information technology, 
and business planning. 

* The Technology Insertion, Demonstration, and Evaluation (TIDE) 
Program is also administered by the Air Force and is a federally funded 
research and development center that operates through Carnegie Mellon 
University with funding from Defense. TIDE encourages and assists small 
manufacturers--specifically, those that supply goods and services 
important to national defense--to adopt commercially available software 
and information technology. The program demonstrates to these firms the 
advantages of using advanced software and information technology in 
their operations and adapts existing commercial software and 
information technology for small manufacturers' use. TIDE also offers 
workshops, conferences, and courses that provide some of the training 
small manufacturers need to successfully adopt new technology. 
Specifically, TIDE has addressed product data management, electronic 
data distribution, data security, flexible scheduling of manufacturing 
operations, and computer simulation of manufacturing processes. 

Only the Defense agencies that administer 3 of the 5 programs that 
target small manufacturers tracked detailed information on annual 
funding and participation levels for their programs. As shown in table 
1, these 3 programs provided $3.8 million and served 95 small 
manufacturers on average each year from fiscal years 2004 through 2006. 
For more information on these programs, see appendixes II and IV. 

Table 1: Funding and Participation for 3 Programs That Serve Small 
Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing, Fiscal Years 2004-2006: 

Dollars in millions. 

Department, agency, and program: Department of Defense, Navy, Defense 
Small Business Technology and Readiness Resources Program[A,B]; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: $2.1; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 69 
services; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: $2.2; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 862 
services; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: Not 
available; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: Not 
available. 

Department, agency, and program: Department of Defense, Air Force, 
Manufacturing Technical Assistance Production Program[C]; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: Not 
available; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 54 
firms; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: $1.5; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 79 
firms; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: $1.2; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 92 
firms. 

Department, agency, and program: Department of Defense, Office of the 
Secretary, MilTech[D]; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: $1.5; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 10 
firms; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: $0.5; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 21 
firms; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: $2.3; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 30 
firms. 

Department, agency, and program: Total;
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: $3.6; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 64 
firms, 69 services; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: $4.2; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 100 
firms, 862 services; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: $3.5; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 122 
firms. 

Source: GAO data. 

Notes: Because a single business may receive more than one type of 
financial or nonfinancial assistance, such as more than one loan or 
assessment, participation data may overstate the number of unique 
businesses that were helped. 

All funding and participation data in the table above were reviewed and 
verified by agency officials. 

[A] These figures reflect funding and participation prior to December 
2006 when the program name was changed and the scope of services 
expanded to include specialized information technology companies. 

[B] These figures are appropriations. 

[C] These figures are obligations. 

[D] These figures are technology transfer funding for small 
manufacturers. 

[End of table] 

Small Manufacturers May Obtain Services from 15 Federal Programs That 
Target Manufacturers, Regardless of Size: 

Agencies within Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Energy, Health and 
Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, and Labor administered 
15 programs that provided services specifically to manufacturers, 
regardless of their size. As with federal programs designed to support 
small manufacturers, the programs that target the needs of 
manufacturers in general offer services aligned with the mission of the 
administering agency. We identified 9 programs that offer only 
nonfinancial assistance and 6 programs that offer both financial and 
nonfinancial assistance. These programs include the following: 

* The Domestic Food Distribution Procurements and the International 
Food Aid Procurements, administered by Agriculture's Farm Service 
Agency, provide financial services, in the form of direct purchases, to 
processors of foods used for domestic food assistance, export, and 
foreign aid programs. Specifically, dairy, vegetable oil, and other 
processed commodities are purchased for various domestic and 
international food aid programs from food manufacturers, regardless of 
their size. 

* The Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) administered 
by Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology, supports 
a nationwide network of not-for-profit centers in nearly 350 locations. 
The centers, funded by federal, state, local, and private resources, 
provide manufacturers with access to the expertise of knowledgeable 
manufacturing and business specialists all over the country. Each 
center works directly with area manufacturers to provide expertise and 
services tailored to their most critical needs, ranging from process 
improvements and worker training to business practices and applications 
of information technology. Solutions are offered through a combination 
of direct assistance from center staff and outside consultants. 
According to an agency official, 92 percent of the manufacturing 
businesses that the program serves are small manufacturing businesses. 

* The Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) for Firms Program, administered 
by Commerce's Economic Development Administration, offers only 
nonfinancial services to manufacturers that have experienced declines 
in sales or employment due to competition from imports in the preceding 
2 years. TAA for Firms is a cost-sharing program that provides funds to 
pay one-half the cost of consultants or industry-specific experts for 
projects that improve a manufacturer's competitiveness. 

* The Textiles and Apparel Program, administered by Commerce's 
International Trade Administration, offers nonfinancial export 
assistance to textile manufacturers, such as oversight of strategies 
and programs to improve the domestic and international competitiveness 
of the U.S. fiber, textile, and apparel industries as well as 
industries that manufacture a wide range of consumer products. Among 
other things, the program performs research and analysis, compiles 
industry data, and promotes U.S. trade events for a whole spectrum of 
textiles and apparel. 

* The Manufacturing Technology (ManTech), the Next Generation 
Manufacturing Technology Initiative, and the Best Manufacturing 
Practices Programs, administered by the Office of the Secretary of 
Defense and the Navy, provide nonfinancial technical and business 
assistance to help large and small manufacturers, including ones that 
supply parts and equipment to Defense. These 3 programs help firms 
modernize their operations, apply information technology, or network 
with other businesses. In addition, ManTech provides financial 
assistance to manufacturers. 

* The Industrial Technologies Program, administered by Energy, works 
with manufacturers to improve industrial energy efficiency and 
environmental performance. The program, which offers both financial and 
nonfinancial assistance, invests in high-risk, high-value research and 
development to reduce industrial energy use while stimulating 
productivity and growth. 

* The Manufacturers' Assistance, Investigational New Drug Application, 
and Prescription Drug User Fee Act and Reductions for Small Business 
Programs, administered by Health and Human Services' Food and Drug 
Administration, offer nonfinancial services, such as training, and 
information to industry and trade associations on the policies and 
procedures relevant to those products that are regulated by the agency, 
such as vaccines. 

* The Research Program for the Manufacturing Sector, administered by 
Health and Human Services' National Institute for Occupational Safety 
and Health, offers nonfinancial services by partnering with 
manufacturers to develop practices and products for the workplace that 
can help prevent occupational diseases and injuries. 

* The Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing Initiative, 
administered by Housing and Urban Development, is a public/private 
partnership that brings together key federal agencies with leaders of 
the home building, product manufacturing, insurance, and financial 
industries to develop and deploy innovative building technologies for 
the next generation of housing. The goal of this initiative is to 
identify techniques for building more affordable, durable, disaster- 
resistant, safe, and energy-efficient housing. 

* Dream It. Do It, a campaign launched by the Manufacturing Institute 
of the National Association of Manufacturers that is partially funded 
by Labor, provides nonfinancial assistance to develop tools and 
partnerships to help inform young people, their parents, and educators 
of career opportunities in advanced manufacturing. The initiative 
develops tools and partnerships among employers, training providers, 
and local Workforce Investment Boards in Kansas City and Washington 
State as well as in parts of Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, and the Dallas- 
Fort Worth metropolitan area. 

Only 7 of the 15 programs that we identified that target manufacturers, 
regardless of their size, had funding or participation data or both for 
fiscal years 2004 through 2006. This information is provided in table 
2. Because not all of these programs gather data on the size of the 
manufacturing businesses they serve, we could not determine the extent 
to which small manufacturers avail themselves of the services that each 
of these programs offer. For more information on these programs, see 
appendixes II, III, IV, VI, VII, IX and XI. 

Table 2: Funding or Participation or Both for 7 Federal Programs That 
Provided Services to Manufacturers, Regardless of Size, Fiscal Years 
2004-2006: 

Dollars in millions. 

Department, agency, and program: 
Data for Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing: Commerce, 
International Trade Administration: Textiles and Apparel; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Funding: Not available; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Participation: 60 
firms; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Funding: Not available; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Participation: 72 
firms; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Funding: Not available; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Participation: 103 
firms. 

Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology: Hollings 
Manufacturing Extension Partnership: 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Funding: Not available; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Participation: 7,910 
firms; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Funding: Not available; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Participation: 8,247 
firms; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Funding: Not available; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Participation: 9,154 
firms. 

Department, agency, and program: 
Data for Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing: Defense, Office of 
the Secretary: Next Generation Manufacturing Technology Initiative[A]: 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Funding: $1.9; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Participation: 3 firms; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Funding: Not available; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Participation: Not 
available; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Funding: $2.6; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Participation: 9 firms. 

Department, agency, and program: 
Data for Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing: Housing and Urban 
Development: Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing 
Initiative[B]: 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Funding: $7.5; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Participation: Not 
available; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Funding: $7.5; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Participation: Not 
available; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Funding: $5.0; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Participation: Not 
available. 

Department, agency, and program: Subtotal for small businesses engaged 
in manufacturing:
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Funding: $9.4; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Participation: 7,973 
firms; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Funding: $7.5; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Participation: 8,319 
firms; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Funding: $7.6; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Participation: 9,266 
firms. 

Department, agency, and program: Data for Manufacturers, Regardless of 
Size: Commerce, Economic Development Administration: Trade Adjustment 
Assistance for Firms[A]: 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Funding: $11.9; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Participation: 177 
firms; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Funding: $12.0; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Participation: 133 
firms; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Funding: $14.3; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Participation: 137 
firms. 

Department, agency, and program: Data for Manufacturers, Regardless of 
Size: Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology: 
Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership[B]: 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Funding: $38.6; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Participation: 736 
firms; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Funding: $107.5; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Participation: 748 
firms; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Funding: $104.6; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Participation: 803 
firms. 

Department, agency, and program: Data for Manufacturers, Regardless of 
Size: Defense, Office of the Secretary: Manufacturing Technology 
(ManTech)[C]: 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Funding: $255.6; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Participation: Not 
available; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Funding: $175.7; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Participation: Not 
available; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Funding: $185.6; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Participation: Not 
available. 

Department, agency, and program: Data for Manufacturers, Regardless of 
Size: Defense, Navy: Best Manufacturing Practices[D]: 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Funding: $2.0; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Participation: 10,800 
services; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Funding: $2.0; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Participation: 4,187 
services; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Funding: $2.0; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Participation: 5,673 
services. 

Department, agency, and program: Subtotal for manufacturers regardless 
of size: 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Funding: $308.1; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Participation: 913 
firms; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Funding: $297.3; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Participation: 881 
firms;  
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Funding: $306.5; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Participation: 940 
firms. 

Department, agency, and program: Total: 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Funding: $317.5; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2004, Participation: 8,886 
firms, 10,800 services; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Funding: $304.8; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2005, Participation: 9,200 
firms, 4,187 services; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Funding: $314.1; 
Funding and Participation, by fiscal year 2006, Participation: 10,206 
firms, 5,673 services. 

Source: GAO data. 

Notes: Because a single business may receive more than one type of 
financial or nonfinancial service, such as more than one grant or 
consultation, participation data may overstate the number of unique 
businesses that were helped. In addition, not all agencies reported 
data for each year. 

All funding and participation data in the table above were reviewed and 
verified by agency officials. 

Funding data may not add because of rounding. 

[A] These figures are obligations. 

[B] These figures are appropriations. 

[C] These figures represent the funding provided by participating 
Defense components, not the Office of the Secretary. 

[D] These figures are outlays. 

[End of table] 

Small Manufacturers Can Also Access Services Offered by Many Programs 
That Target Small Businesses, Regardless of Type: 

We identified 127 federal programs administered by 18 agencies that 
target small businesses regardless of type. Five agencies account for 
over one-half of these small business programs: SBA has 35 programs, 
Veterans Affairs has 10, Defense has 9, and Health and Human Services 
and Transportation each have 8. Of the 127 programs, 7 offer only 
financial services, such as loans or loan guarantees; 73 offer only 
nonfinancial services, such as technical, business, and management 
assistance; 46 offer both financial and nonfinancial services; and 1 
did not specify the type of services it offered. For example, of the 35 
programs administered by SBA, 16 offer both financial and nonfinancial 
services, and 19 offer only nonfinancial services. In addition to 
administering these programs, SBA helps coordinate and manage two 
multiagency programs: the Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization[Footnote 4] program and the Small Business Innovation 
Research program. Fourteen agencies included in our review have an 
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, these offices 
conduct outreach and provide consulting or other nonfinancial services 
to help small socially or economically disadvantaged businesses more 
effectively compete for federal contracting opportunities. Similarly, 
11 agencies included in our review administer Small Business Innovation 
Research (SBIR) programs. SBIR provides funding for innovative research 
projects. In 2004 and 2005, the most recent data available, almost 20 
percent of SBIR awards, valued at about $360 million, funded 
manufacturing-related research.[Footnote 5] For more information on all 
127 programs, see appendixes II through XIX. 

Of the 18 administering agencies, only 14 collected data on the types 
of businesses that their small business programs served or the funding 
devoted to provide services through these programs. Table 3 shows the 
number of small business programs administered by each of the 18 
agencies and the funding and participation data for the 14 agencies 
that tracked these data. 

Table 3: Funding and Participation by Small Businesses in Federal 
Programs That Serve Small Businesses, Regardless of Type, Fiscal Years 
2004-2006 (Dollars in millions): 

Department or agency: Appalachian Regional Commission[A];
Number of programs: 4; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: $1.7; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 85; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: $0.5; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 106; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: $0.7; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 367. 

Department or agency: Agriculture[B]; 
Number of programs: 6; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: 128.6; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 10,564; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: 126.8; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 11,296; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: 106.7; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 10,442. 

Department or agency: Commerce[C]; 
Number of programs: 7; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: 164.2; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 91; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: 205.2; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 1,150; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: 212.0; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 614. 

Department or agency: Defense[D]; 
Number of programs: 9; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: 96,580.5; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 3,849; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: 118,843.4; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 4,014; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: 1,316.6; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 3,755. 

Department or agency: Education[E]; 
Number of programs: 2; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: 8.9; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 53; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: 8.4; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 36; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: 8.7; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 58. 

Department or agency: Energy[F]; 
Number of programs: 6; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: 119.0; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 421; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: 118.8; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 412; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: 120.4; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 429. 

Department or agency: Health and Human Services[G]; 
Number of programs: 8; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: 633.8; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 33,502; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: 645.8; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 32,783; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: 648.1; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 36,968. 

Department or agency: Homeland Security[E]; 
Number of programs: 6; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: 19.6; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 131; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: 23.0; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 90; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: 30.6; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: N/A. 

Department or agency: Housing and Urban Development; 
Number of programs: 1;
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004: Funding: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: N/A. 

Department or agency: Interior; 
Number of programs: 6; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006: Participation: N/A. 

Department or agency: Labor; 
Number of programs: 7; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: N/A. 

Department or agency: Transportation[H]; 
Number of programs: 8; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: 13.8; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 27; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: 11.3; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 17; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: 4.6; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 6. 

Department or agency: Veterans Affairs; 
Number of programs: 10; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006; Funding: N/A; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: N/A. 

Department or agency: Environmental Protection Agency[E]; 
Number of programs: 5; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: 6.7; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 57; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: 6.6; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 52; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: 5.0; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 56. 

Department or agency: Export-Import Bank[I];
Number of programs: 1; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: 2,257.3; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 2,572; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: 2,660.3; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 2,617; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: 3,184.7; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 2,253. 

Department or agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration[E]; 
Number of programs: 4; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: 131.5; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 533; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: 136.8; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 497; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: 126.9; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 497. 

Department or agency: National Science Foundation[E]; 
Number of programs: 2; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: 100.4; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 558; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: 89.9; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 320; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: 98.4; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 406. 

Department or agency: Small Business Administration[J]; 
Number of programs: 35; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: 20,459.7; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 
1,468,211; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: 19,496.8; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 
1,756,842; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: 175.3; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 
1,431,011. 

Department or agency: Total[L]; 
Number of programs: 127; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Funding: $120,625.8; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2004, Participation: 
1,520,654; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Funding: $142,373.6; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2005, Participation: 
1,810,232; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Funding: $6,038.7; 
Funding and participation, by fiscal year, 2006, Participation: 
1,486,862. 

Source: GAO data. 

Note: Because a single business may receive more than one type of 
financial or nonfinancial service, such as more than one grant or 
consultation, participation data may overstate the number of unique 
businesses that were helped. 

Agency officials reviewed and verified information on 92 of the 127 
programs in the table above. 

Funding or participation data were available for 53 of the 127 programs 
in the table above. Agency officials reviewed and verified these data 
for 42 of these 53 programs. 

N/A = Not available: 

[A] These figures are primarily obligations. Figures for 1 program were 
reported in outlays. Participation figures represent firms and 
individuals. 

[B] Funding figures are primarily in obligations, although figures for 
1 program were reported in appropriations. Participation figures 
represent a combination of awards, loans, firms and small emerging 
firms. 

[C] Funding figures are primarily obligations, although figures for 2 
programs were reported as outlays. Participation figures represent 
awards and firms. 

[D] These figures were largely reported without specifying the type of 
funds, although figures for 1 program were reported as obligations. 
Participation data were reported in awards but were not reported for 
fiscal year 2006. 

[E] These figures are in obligations. Participation figures represent 
awards. 

[F] These figures are primarily in obligations, although figures for 1 
program were reported in appropriations. Participation figures 
represent awards. 

[G] These figures are in appropriations. Participation figures are 
largely awards although figures for 2 programs were reported in firms. 

[H] These figures are in obligations. Participation figures represent 
loans. 

[I] These figures are in authorizations. Participation figures 
represent transactions. 

[J] These figures are largely obligations, although figures for 1 
program were reported in guarantee authority, figures for 4 programs 
were reported in appropriations, and figures for another program did 
not specify the type of funding. Participation figures are largely 
reported as firms, although figures for 1 program were reported as 
surety bonds, figures for 2 programs were reported as individuals, 
figures for 1 program were reported as certifications, and figures for 
2 programs were reported as loans. 

[L] Data for fiscal year 2006 are incomplete. 

[End of table] 

Small Manufacturers May Also Benefit from Many Federal Programs That 
Target Businesses, Regardless of Size or Type: 

We identified an additional 107 programs administered by 15 agencies 
included in our review that offer financial or nonfinancial services or 
both to businesses, regardless of the size or type of business. Over 60 
percent of these programs are administered by agencies within 
Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, and Health and Human Services. As with 
the manufacturing-related and small business programs previously 
described, the services these general business programs offer are 
aligned with the mission of the administering agency. Specifically, we 
found that 7 programs in 3 agencies offer only financial services to 
businesses, 66 programs in 13 agencies offer only nonfinancial 
services, and 32 programs provide both financial and nonfinancial 
services. Technical, business, or management assistance was the most 
commonly offered nonfinancial service, and worker training was the 
least commonly offered service. Information on the services offered by 
these 107 programs by each of the 15 administering agencies is shown in 
table 4. For more details on these 107 programs, see appendixes II 
through XX. 

Table 4: Services Provided by 107 Federal Programs to Businesses, 
Regardless of Size and Type: 

Department or agency: Agriculture; 
Number of programs: 13; 
Type of service: Financial: 11; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 0; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 2; 
Type of service: Export: 8; 
Type of service: Worker training: 1. 

Department or agency: Commerce; 
Number of programs: 27; 
Type of service: Financial: 3; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 3; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 18; 
Type of service: Export: 13; 
Type of service: Worker training: 1. 

Department or agency: Defense; 
Number of programs: 14; 
Type of service: Financial: 6; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 5; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 9; 
Type of service: Export: 1; 
Type of service: Worker training: 1. 

Department or agency: Energy; 
Number of programs: 2; 
Type of service: Financial: 0; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 2; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 1; 
Type of service: Export: 0; 
Type of service: Worker training: 0. 

Department or agency: Health and Human Services; 
Number of programs: 14; 
Type of service: Financial: 4; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 5; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 9; 
Type of service: Export: 0; 
Type of service: Worker training: 1. 

Department or agency: Housing and Urban Development; 
Number of programs: 6; 
Type of service: Financial: 5; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 1; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 5; 
Type of service: Export: 1; 
Type of service: Worker training: 2. 

Department or agency: Interior; 
Number of programs: 1; 
Type of service: Financial: 0; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 0; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 0; 
Type of service: Export: 0; 
Type of service: Worker training: 1. 

Department or agency: Labor; 
Number of programs: 6; 
Type of service: Financial: 2; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 3; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 5; 
Type of service: Export: 0; 
Type of service: Worker training: 6. 

Department or agency: Transportation; 
Number of programs: 3; 
Type of service: Financial: 0; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 2; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 1; 
Type of service: Export: 1; 
Type of service: Worker training: 0. 

Department or agency: Appalachian Regional Commission; 
Number of programs: 1; 
Type of service: Financial: 1; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 0; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 1; 
Type of service: Export: 0; 
Type of service: Worker training: 1. 

Department or agency: Environmental Protection Agency; 
Number of programs: 8; 
Type of service: Financial: 2; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 3; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 8; 
Type of service: Export: 2; 
Type of service: Worker training: 1. 

Department or agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 
Number of programs: 8; 
Type of service: Financial: 4; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 6; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 4; 
Type of service: Export: 1; 
Type of service: Worker training: 1. 

Department or agency: National Science Foundation; 
Number of programs: 2; 
Type of service: Financial: 0; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 1; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 0; 
Type of service: Export: 0; 
Type of service: Worker training: 1. 

Department or agency: National Technology Transfer Center; 
Number of programs: 1; 
Type of service: Financial: 0; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 1; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 1; 
Type of service: Export: 0; 
Type of service: Worker training: 0. 

Department or agency: Small Business Administration; 
Number of programs: 1; 
Type of service: Financial: 1; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 0; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 0; 
Type of service: Export: 0; 
Type of service: Worker training: 1. 

Department or agency: Total; 
Number of programs: 107; 
Type of service: Financial: 39; 
Type of service: Technology development or deployment: 32; 
Type of service: Technical, business, or management: 64; 
Type of service: Export: 27; 
Type of service: Worker training: 18. 

Source: GAO data. 

Note: Totals for individual types of services may not sum to the total 
number of programs because individual programs may offer more than one 
type of service. 

Agency officials reviewed and verified information on 73 of the 107 
programs in the table above. 

[End of table] 

Six Interagency Efforts Support Manufacturing, and 14 Support All 
Businesses, Including Manufacturers: 

Of the 20 federal interagency efforts we identified that address the 
concerns of the business sector, 4 specifically focus on the challenges 
faced by small manufacturers, 2 focus on issues faced by manufacturers 
in general, and the remaining 14 focus on issues of concern to small 
businesses or businesses in general. Tables 5 and 6 provide detailed 
information on each of the interagency efforts that we identified on 
the basis of the primary focus of the effort. 

Table 5: Four Interagency Efforts Address Concerns of Small Businesses 
Engaged in Manufacturing: 

Focus of interagency effort: Help small manufacturers operate more 
efficiently; 
Participating agencies: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) within the 
Department of Commerce, and private sector firms; 
Description of interagency effort: Since 2001, EPA and NIST's Hollings 
Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) have collaborated with state 
pollution agencies and various industries in the Green Suppliers 
Network. The network provides assessments of work processes on the 
premises of participating small manufacturers, and also provides 
information to help these firms improve their operations and minimize 
the amount of waste material generated by their operations. The network 
also works with large manufacturers in the automotive, aerospace, and 
other industries to engage their small and medium-sized suppliers in 
the program. 

Focus of interagency effort: Expand scope of services offered to small 
manufacturers through Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership and 
International Trade Administration service centers; 
Participating agencies: The National Institute of Standards and 
Technology (NIST) and the International Trade Administration (ITA) both 
within the Department of Commerce; 
Description of interagency effort: Beginning in early 2006, the 
Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP), administered by 
Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology and 
International Trade Administration (ITA), began collaborating to 
connect small manufacturers with trade promotion specialists in ITA. 
This partnership allows MEP staff and manufacturing clients to benefit 
from the expertise of staff at ITA export assistance centers in 
specific industry sectors, such as machinery and microelectronics. The 
collaboration helps improve the competitiveness of the small 
manufacturers that MEP serves. 

Focus of interagency effort: Expand scope of services offered to small 
manufacturers through Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership and 
Procurement Technical Assistance service centers; 
Participating agencies: The Department of Commerce's National Institute 
of Standards and Technology (NIST), the Department of Defense, and 
interested public or private sector entities; 
Description of interagency effort: In 2006, the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology's Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership 
signed a memorandum of understanding with the Association of 
Procurement Technical Assistance Centers. Under this agreement, the 
agencies take advantage of opportunities for complementary training on 
Defense Radio Frequency Identification requirements and in-depth, 
industry-related technical assistance. In addition, the service 
networks provide training and counseling to business and industries 
concerning how to do business with the federal government, and document 
and share complementary assistance best practices to facilitate 
dissemination of new manufacturing funding initiatives, opportunities, 
and implementation services available to manufacturers. 

Focus of interagency effort: Expand scope of services offered to small 
manufacturers through Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership 
service centers; 
Participating agencies: Department of Commerce's National Institute of 
Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Department of Defense; 
Description of interagency effort: In 2004, the Under Secretary of 
Commerce for Technology and Deputy Under-Secretary for Defense for 
Advanced Systems and Concepts signed a memorandum of understanding to 
help small manufacturers tap into Defense technologies. The two 
agencies facilitate the transfer of Defense- developed technology to 
the private sector while simultaneously enhancing and improving the 
productivity of the manufacturing base that provides parts and 
equipment to Defense. Under the agreement, Defense makes the expertise 
of its technology transfer partnership intermediaries available to 
collaborate with the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) and its 
centers in collaboration with the Defense network of Procurement 
Technical Assistance Centers to educate small manufacturers about 
requirements Defense has established for its suppliers, such as the use 
of radio frequency identification for parts and equipment. The 
collaboration is modeled on the success of two Defense programs 
(TechLink and MilTech) in helping small manufacturers respond to 
Defense needs. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 6: Two Interagency Efforts Address the Concerns of Manufacturers, 
Regardless of Size: 

Focus of interagency effort: Promote the competitiveness of U.S. 
manufacturers; 
Participating agencies: Seventeen participating federal agencies: the 
Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, 
Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Justice, Labor, State, 
Transportation, and the Treasury; and the Environmental Protection 
Agency, Export-Import Bank, Small Business Administration, Office of 
Management and Budget, and U.S. Trade Representative; 
Description of interagency effort: In 2006, Commerce convened the 
Interagency Working Group on Manufacturing Competitiveness to develop 
new ways to implement its 2003 Manufacturing Initiative, which is 
designed to help improve the competitiveness of all manufacturers. The 
interagency group established three project teams to focus on key 
manufacturing issues: improvements to the analysis of the economic 
impact of federal regulations, workforce development, and strengthening 
the transfer of federally developed technologies to the private sector. 

Focus of interagency effort: Coordinate federal manufacturing-related 
research and development (R&D) efforts; 
Participating agencies: Fifteen participating federal agencies: the 
Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, 
Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Labor, and 
Transportation; and the Environmental Protection Agency, National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation, 
Office of Management and Budget, Office of Science and Technology 
Policy, and Small Business Administration; 
Description of interagency effort: The Interagency Working Group on 
Manufacturing Research and Development (R&D) was established as part of 
the National Science and Technology Council in 2004 to help develop 
consensus and resolve issues associated with manufacturing R&D 
policies, programs, and budgets. The group identifies and integrates 
requirements, conducts joint program planning, and develops joint 
strategies for the manufacturing R&D programs conducted by the federal 
government. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Of the remaining 14 interagency efforts that we identified, 5 focus on 
the concerns of small businesses and 9 focus on the concerns of all 
businesses in general, both of which may address some issues that are 
also relevant to small businesses engaged in manufacturing. For 
example, these efforts focus on such issues as ensuring access to 
federal contracting opportunities, expanding services available to 
small businesses through networks of service centers, streamlining 
electronic access to federal business opportunities, and expanding 
export opportunities. For more details on these 14 interagency efforts, 
see appendix XXI. 

Agency Comments: 

We sent a draft of this report to the Departments of Agriculture, 
Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, 
Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, the Interior, Labor, 
Transportation, and Veterans Affairs, as well as the Environmental 
Protection Agency, Export-Import Bank, National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration, National Science Foundation, Small Business 
Administration, Appalachian Regional Commission, and National 
Technology Transfer Center. All of the agencies except for the 
Appalachian Regional Commission provided technical comments that we 
have incorporated as appropriate. 

As agreed with your offices, unless you publicly announce its contents 
earlier, we plan no further distribution of this report for 30 days 
after the date of this letter. At that time, copies of this report will 
be sent to interested congressional committees; the Secretaries of 
Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human 
Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, the 
Interior, Labor, Transportation, and Veterans Affairs; the 
Administrators of the Environmental Protection Agency, Export-Import 
Bank, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Small Business 
Administration; the Director of the National Science Foundation; the 
Chairman and President of the Export-Import Bank; the Executive 
Director of the Appalachian Regional Commission; and the Vice-President 
of the National Technology Transfer Center. We will also make copies 
available to others upon request. In addition, this report will be 
available at no charge on GAO's Web site at [hyperlink, 
http://www.gao.gov]. 

If you or your staffs have any questions about matters contained in 
this report, please contact me at (202) 512-3841 or mittala@gao.gov. 
Contact points for our Offices of Congressional Relations and Public 
Affairs may be found on the last page of this report. Key contributors 
to this report are listed in appendix XXIII. 

Signed by: 

Anu K. Mittal: 
Director: 
Natural Resources and Environment: 

[End of section] 

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology: 

We identified (1) those programs that provide services to support 
manufacturing by U.S. small businesses and, for fiscal years 2004 
through 2006, the services and funds these programs provided and their 
levels of participation and (2) current federal interagency efforts 
that support manufacturing by U.S. small businesses. In addition, we 
compiled a list of studies that focuses on federal programs that 
support small businesses engaged in manufacturing. 

To identify agencies and programs that provide services to support 
manufacturing by small businesses, we obtained documentation and 
interviewed officials at 17 executive departments, independent 
agencies, and a government corporation, including the Departments of 
Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human 
Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, the 
Interior, Labor, Transportation, and Veterans Affairs; the 
Environmental Protection Agency; Export-Import Bank; National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; and 
Small Business Administration (SBA). Throughout this report we refer 
collectively to these executive departments, independent agencies, and 
the government corporation as "agencies". 

We selected these 17 agencies because each had participated in efforts 
by Commerce to foster, serve, and promote the nation's economic 
development and technological advancement and in the efforts of SBA to 
promote small business development and entrepreneurship. We also 
searched the agencies' Web sites and the Catalog of Federal Domestic 
Assistance and interviewed officials representing state governments and 
trade associations. Through these efforts, we also identified relevant 
federal efforts at the National Technology Transfer Center and the 
Appalachian Regional Commission, bringing the total to 19 federal 
entities that administer programs offering services to support 
businesses, including small manufacturers. We included assistance 
provided by federal entities and through contracts or other agreements 
with state governments as well as private and nonprofit entities that 
operate on the federal government's behalf. 

We focused our work on federal programs that support businesses by 
addressing challenges in the following five areas: obtaining capital; 
developing or deploying new technologies; applying improved technology, 
business, and management practices; exporting goods; and training 
workers. Because agencies may not track funding and participation in a 
consistent manner, the information they reported to us is an estimate 
of the minimum funding provided and businesses served. We excluded 
federal research programs that focus on advancing manufacturing-related 
knowledge and tools but that do not offer operational services or 
financing to manufacturers. Because no comprehensive list of federal 
programs that provide direct services to manufacturers or other 
businesses exists, we cannot guarantee that we identified all such 
programs. However, we attempted to verify the accuracy and completeness 
of the information we gathered with relevant agency officials. 
Officials reviewed and verified information on over 70 percent of the 
programs that we identified. The information we included that was not 
reviewed by agency officials was obtained from agency documents and 
information contained in agency Web sites. The program descriptions 
included in this report, including the appendix descriptions, were 
derived from agency materials and do not reflect independent GAO legal 
analysis of any relevant program statutes, regulation, or 
administrative guidance. 

To identify interagency efforts to support manufacturing by small 
businesses, we searched the agencies' Web sites; obtained 
documentation; and interviewed officials at federal agencies and 
organizations that represent state governments and trade associations. 
We included both ongoing interagency efforts that coordinate the 
activities of programs that operate in multiple agencies and task- 
specific interagency efforts that may disband upon completion of an 
assigned task. We attempted to verify information on these interagency 
efforts with relevant agency officials and reviewed available 
documentation on the mission, goals, and accomplishments of each 
effort. We consulted GAO technical experts and determined that the 
information and data were sufficiently reliable for this report. We 
conducted our work from May 2006 to April 2007 in accordance with 
generally accepted government auditing standards. 

To identify studies focused on federal programs that support domestic 
manufacturing by small businesses, and other relevant studies, we 
identified the following criteria for including a study in this report: 
(1) only those studies about federal programs--specifically, those that 
target small businesses engaged in manufacturing; any small businesses, 
regardless of type; or any businesses engaged in manufacturing, 
regardless of size; (2) only programs administered by the following 
agencies and departments: the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, 
Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland 
Security, Housing and Urban Development, Labor, and Transportation and 
the Appalachian Regional Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, 
Export-Import Bank, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 
National Science Foundation, and SBA; (3) only those studies that were 
published after October 1, 2000; and (4) only those studies that 
included original research. 

We searched the following databases in addition to GAO's reports 
database: ProQuest, Nexis.com, EconLit, Tax & Accounting, WorldCat, 
DIALOG, Sociological Abstracted, Cited References, Expanded Academic, 
the Congressional Budget Office, the Congressional Research Service, 
the Defense Technical Information Center, the Inspectors General's 
offices at each of the 16 agencies, the National Association of Public 
Administration, the National Academies Press, PolicyFile, and the RAND 
Corporation. We used such search terms as manufacture(s), 
manufacturing, manufacturer(s), industry, small business(es), federal, 
and each of the agency names. We found 66 studies that fit our criteria 
and completed a fatal flaw review for the 23 studies that were not 
completed by GAO to ensure that each was conducted with reasonable 
methodological soundness. Based on this review, we found that 4 of 
these 23 studies were outside of our scope or without a sound 
methodology. We combined the 19 studies that met our criteria with 43 
studies completed by GAO and then organized these 62 studies by the 
agency that administers them and placed them in a bibliographic format. 

[End of section] 

Appendix II: Department of Agriculture - Programs that Offer Services 
to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 7: Department of Agriculture Programs That Offer Services to 
Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturers by Agency, Target Businesses, 
and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Cooperative State Research, Education and 
Extension Service. 

Agency, office, and program: Cooperative State Research, Education and 
Extension Service: Small Business Innovation Research Program; 
Target Business: Small businesses, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Innovation 
Research (SBIR) program makes competitively awarded grants to qualified 
small businesses for the purpose of supporting high quality research 
proposals containing advanced concepts related to important scientific 
problems and opportunities in agriculture that could lead to 
significant public benefit if the research is successful. The 
objectives of the SBIR program are to stimulate technological 
innovations in the private sector, strengthen the role of small 
businesses in meeting federal research and development needs, increase 
private sector commercialization of innovations derived from 
Agriculture-supported research and development efforts, and foster and 
encourage participation by women-owned and socially and economically 
disadvantaged small business firms in technological innovations. Eight 
Agriculture agencies participate in SBIR including the Cooperative 
State Research, Education and Extension Service, Agricultural Research 
Service, and the Forest Service. 

Agency, office, and program: Farm Service Agency: Domestic Food Aid 
Procurements; 
Target Business: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size;
Agency description of program purpose: The Domestic Food Aid 
Procurements are purchases of dairy and processed commodities for 
domestic food assistance programs, administered by Agriculture's Food 
and Nutrition Service, such as the National School Lunch Program, the 
Commodity Supplemental Food Program, the Emergency Food Assistance 
Program, and the Food Distribution Programs on Indian Reservations. The 
Domestic Procurement Division also purchases butter, cheese and nonfat 
dry milk at announced prices under the Milk Price Support Program 
administered by Commodity Operations. 

Agency, office, and program: Farm Service Agency: International Food 
Aid Procurements; 
Target Business: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Agency description of program purpose: International Food Aid 
Procurements are purchases of processed vegetable oil and other 
commodities that are produced and manufactured within the United 
States. Commodities are shipped for overseas donation through various 
humanitarian feeding programs administered by the United States Agency 
for International Development and Agriculture's, Foreign Agricultural 
Service. 

Agency, office, and program: Food Safety and Inspection Service: 
Small and Very Small Plant Outreach; 
Target businesses: Small businesses engaged in manufacturing; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small and Very Small Plant 
Outreach program offers a central source for small and very small food 
processing plants to obtain information, technical assistance, and 
training to comply with food safety regulations and promote food 
safety. Since February 2006, an interagency council coordinates the 
outreach efforts across Agriculture agencies. Through the program 
Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) delivers 
information through partnerships with colleges, universities, and other 
Agriculture agencies. Its services to small manufacturers include 
informational materials about regulatory compliance, referrals to other 
sources of information, funding for university workshops, and training 
materials such as videos. FSIS also offers education sessions to small 
and very small plant owners and operators on how to improve their food 
safety and food defense systems, and provides guidance to small and 
very small plant owners who want to start operations regarding federal 
inspection of their product. 

Agency, office, and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Facility 
Guarantee Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Agriculture's Facility Guarantee 
Program is designed to expand sales of U.S. agricultural products to 
emerging markets where inadequate storage, processing or handling 
capacity limit trade potential. The program targets export sales of 
U.S. equipment or expertise to improve ports, loading/unloading 
capacity, refrigerated storage, warehouse and distribution systems, and 
other related facilities may qualify for facility guarantees, as long 
as these improvements are expected to increase opportunities for U.S. 
agricultural exports. The program provides payment guarantees to 
finance commercial exports of U.S. manufactured goods and services that 
will be used to improve agriculture-related facilities. Under the 
program, Agriculture's Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) guarantees 
payments due from approved foreign banks to exporters or financial 
institutions in the United States. Typically, a guarantee covers 95 
percent of principal and a portion of interest. The financing must be 
obtained through normal commercial sources. Agriculture's Foreign 
Agricultural Service administers this program on behalf of the CCC. 

Agency, office, and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Market 
Access Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Market Access Program (MAP) 
uses funds from Agriculture's Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) to 
help create, expand, and maintain foreign markets for U.S. agricultural 
products. MAP targets its partnerships to non-profit U.S. agricultural 
trade associations, U.S. agricultural cooperatives, non-profit state-
regional trade groups, and small U.S. businesses. The MAP partner and 
CCC share the costs of approved overseas marketing and promotional 
activities such as consumer promotions, market research, trade shows, 
and trade servicing. 

Agency, office, and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Foreign 
Market Development Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Foreign Market Development 
program, also know as the "Cooperator Program," uses funds from the 
Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) to create, expand, and maintain long-
term export markets for U.S. agricultural products. Through the 
Cooperator program, CCC enters into trade promotion partnerships with 
U.S. agricultural producers and processors, who are represented by 
nonprofit commodity or trade associations. Under this partnership, 
Agriculture and the Cooperators pool their technical and financial 
resources to conduct approved overseas market development activities. 
The Cooperator Program is administrated by Agriculture's Foreign 
Agricultural Service. 

Agency, office, and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Emerging 
Markets Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Emerging Markets Program is 
a market access program that provides funding for technical assistance 
activities intended to promote exports of U.S. agricultural commodities 
and products to emerging markets in all geographic regions, consistent 
with U.S. foreign policy. The program specifically targets U.S. 
agricultural or agribusiness organizations, universities, state 
departments of agriculture, Agriculture agencies, and for-profit 
entities. Many types of technical assistance activities that promote 
markets for U.S. agricultural products may be eligible for funding, 
including feasibility studies, market research, sectorial assessments, 
orientation visits, specialized training, and business workshops. 

Agency, office, and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Export 
Credit Guarantee Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Export credit guarantee programs 
help provide commercial financing of U.S. agricultural exports. 
Agriculture's Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) administers these 
programs assist U.S. exporters of agricultural products with exports to 
countries where credit is necessary to maintain or increase U.S. sales, 
but where financing may not be available without CCC guarantees. 

Agency, office, and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Dairy Export 
Incentive Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Dairy Export Incentive 
Program helps exporters of U.S. dairy products meet prevailing world 
prices for targeted dairy products and destinations. Under the program, 
the U.S. Department of Agriculture pays cash to exporters as bonuses, 
allowing them to sell certain U.S. dairy products at prices lower than 
the exporter's costs of acquiring them. The major objective of the 
program is to develop export markets for dairy products where U.S. 
products are not competitive because of the presence of subsidized 
products from other countries. 

Agency, office, and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Export 
Enhancement Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Export Enhancement Program 
is designed to help U.S. farm products meet competition from 
subsidizing countries, especially the European Union. Under the 
program, Agriculture pays cash to exporters as bonuses, allowing them 
to sell U.S. agricultural products in targeted countries at prices 
below the exporter's costs of acquiring them. The major objectives are 
to expand U.S. agricultural exports and to challenge unfair trade 
practices. 

Agency, office, and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: U.S. 
Exporter Assistance; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: U.S. Exporter Assistance offers 
on-line access to Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) resources, 
products, and services that can help companies explore the potential 
for international sales. Agriculture-FAS's Exporter Assistance benefits 
primarily small and medium-sized companies. 

Agency, office, and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Supplier 
Credit Guarantee Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Supplier Credit Guarantee 
Program (SCGP) was designed to make it easier for exporters to sell 
U.S. food products overseas by insuring short-term, open account 
financing. SCGP was active until late 2005, but has not been active 
since. Under the security of the SCGP, U.S. exporters could become more 
competitive by extending longer credit terms or increasing the amount 
of credit available to foreign buyers without increasing financial 
risk. SCGP targeted U.S. exporters of agricultural products, with an 
emphasis on high-value products and market potential. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Small Business Programs; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The small business programs 
administered by Agriculture's Office of Small and Disadvantaged 
Business Utilization (OSDBU) are responsible for fostering the use of 
small and small disadvantaged businesses as federal contractors. 
OSDBU's goal is to provide as much information, guidance and technical 
assistance as possible to assist the small business community in 
increasing its competitiveness through increased participation in 
Agriculture's procurement and program activities. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Customer Outreach Services; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Customer Outreach Services 
administered by Agriculture's Office of Small and Disadvantaged 
Business Utilization help foster participation by small businesses in 
Agriculture' s procurement and program activities. Specifically, the 
program identifies and eliminates barriers that prevent or restrict 
access to Agriculture procurements, educates small businesses, and 
conducts monthly vendor outreach. 

Agency, office, and program: Rural Development - Business and 
Cooperative Programs: Renewable Energy Systems and Energy Efficiency 
Improvements Program - Section 9006 program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Renewable Energy Systems and 
Energy Efficiency Improvements Program funds grants, direct loans, and 
loan guarantees to agricultural producers and rural small businesses 
that can demonstration financial need to purchase renewable energy 
systems and make energy efficiency improvements. To be eligible for 
grants, applicants must demonstrate financial need. Projects must be 
for the purchase of a renewable energy system or to make energy 
efficiency improvements. Eligible renewable energy projects include 
systems that generate energy from wind, solar, biomass, or geothermal 
sources or that produce hydrogen derived from biomass or water using a 
renewable energy source. Renewable energy projects can include the 
generation of electricity, heat, fuels, or hydrogen. Energy efficiency 
projects typically involve installing or upgrading equipment that 
results in a significant reduction in energy use from current 
operations. 

Agency, office, and program: Rural Development - Business and 
Cooperative Programs: Rural Business Opportunity Grants; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The purpose of the Rural 
Business Opportunity Grant program is to promote sustainable economic 
development in rural communities with exceptional needs by making 
grants to pay the costs of providing economic planning for rural 
communities, technical assistance for rural businesses, or training for 
rural entrepreneurs or economic development officials. Eligible 
applicants include public bodies, nonprofit corporations, Indian 
tribes, or cooperatives with members who are primarily rural residents. 
Applicants must be able to show that the funding will result in 
economic development of a rural area. In addition, applicants must 
include a basis for determining the success or failure of the project 
and assessing its impact. 

Agency, office, and program: Rural Development - Business and 
Cooperative Programs: Rural Business Enterprise Grants; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Rural Business Enterprise 
Grants program awards grants to public bodies, private nonprofit 
corporations, and federally- recognized Indian tribes to finance and 
facilitate development of small and emerging private businesses located 
in rural areas. Eligible small and emerging businesses must have fewer 
than 50 new employees and less than $1 million in gross annual 
revenues. Funds may be used to finance or develop small and emerging 
businesses. Eligible uses include technical assistance such as 
marketing and feasibility studies, business plans, and training; 
purchases or leases of machinery and equipment; the creation of 
revolving loan funds small emerging businesses may use to purchase 
equipment or real estate; or provide working capital or funds to 
construct business incubators for small and emerging businesses. 

Agency, office, and program: Rural Development - Business and 
Cooperative Programs: Business and Industry Guaranteed Loan; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Business and Industry 
Guaranteed Loan program helps create jobs and stimulates rural 
economies by providing financial backing for rural businesses. This 
program provides guarantees up to 80 percent of loans made by 
commercial lenders. Loan proceeds may be used for working capital, 
machinery and equipment, buildings and real estate, and certain types 
of debt refinancing. The primary purpose is to create and maintain 
employment and improve the economic climate in rural communities. 
Authorized lenders include federal or state chartered banks, credit 
unions, insurance companies, savings and loan associations, Farm Credit 
Banks, the National Rural Utilities Finance Corporation, and other 
lenders approved by Business and Cooperative Programs. A borrower may 
be a cooperative organization, corporation, partnership, or other legal 
entity organized and operated on a profit or nonprofit basis; an Indian 
tribe on a federal or state reservation or other federally recognized 
tribal group; a public body; or an individual. Individual borrowers 
must be U.S. citizens or legal residents. Corporations or other 
nonpublic borrowers must be at least 51 percent owned by persons who 
are either U.S. citizens or legal residents. Business and Industry 
loans are normally available in rural areas. 

Agency, office, and program: Rural Development - Business and 
Cooperative Programs: Value Added Producer Grants; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Value Added Producer Grants may 
be used for planning activities and for working capital for marketing 
value-added agricultural products and for farm-based renewable energy. 
Eligible applicants are independent producers, farmer and rancher 
cooperatives, agricultural producer groups, and majority-controlled 
producer-based business ventures. 

Agency, office, and program: Rural Development - Business and 
Cooperative Programs: Intermediary Relending Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The purpose of the Intermediary 
Relending Program is designed to alleviate poverty and increase 
economic activity and employment in rural communities, especially 
disadvantaged and remote communities, through financing targeted 
primarily towards smaller and emerging businesses, in partnership with 
other public and private resources, and in accordance with state and 
regional strategy based on identified community needs. This purpose is 
achieved through loans made to intermediaries that establish programs 
for the purpose of providing loans to ultimate recipients for business 
facilities and community developments in a rural area. The program 
targets small businesses in rural areas. 

Agency, office, and program: Rural Development - Business and 
Cooperative Programs: Rural Economic Development Loans and Grants; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Rural Economic Development 
Loans and Grants program must be used exclusively to promote rural 
economic development and/or job creation projects, including but not 
limited to, project feasibility studies, start-up costs, business 
incubator projects, and other reasonable expenses for the purpose of 
fostering rural economic development. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 8: Services Provided by Department of Agriculture Programs by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension 
Service: Small Business Innovation Research; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Farm Service Agency: Domestic Food Aid Procurements;
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Farm Service Agency: International Food Aid 
Procurements; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Food Safety and Inspection Service: Small and Very 
Small Plant Outreach; 
Target businesses: Small businesses engaged in manufacturing; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check].

Agency and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Facility Guarantee 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Market Access 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Foreign Market 
Development Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Emerging Markets 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Export Credit 
Guarantee Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Dairy Export 
Incentive Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Export Enhancement 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: U.S. Exporter 
Assistance; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Foreign Agricultural Service: Supplier Credit 
Guarantee Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Small Business Programs; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Customer Outreach Services; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Rural Development, Business and Cooperative 
Programs: Renewable Energy Systems and Energy Efficiency Improvements 
Program - Section 9006 program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Rural Development, Business and Cooperative 
Programs: Rural Business Opportunity Grants; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Rural Development, Business and Cooperative 
Programs: Rural Business Enterprise Grants; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Rural Development, Business and Cooperative 
Programs: Business and Industry Guaranteed Loan; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Rural Development, Business and Cooperative 
Programs: Value Added Producer Grants; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Rural Development, Business and Cooperative 
Programs: Intermediary Relending Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Rural Development, Business and Cooperative 
Programs: Rural Economic Development Loans and Grants; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Rural Development, Business and Cooperative 
Programs: Agency and program: Renewable Energy Systems and Energy 
Efficiency Improvements Program - Section 9006 program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix III: Department of Commerce - Programs that Offer Services to 
Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 9: Department of Commerce Programs That Offer Services to Small 
Businesses Engaged in Manufacturers by Agency, Target Businesses, and 
Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Bureau of Industry and Security: Office of 
Exporter Services; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Bureau of Industry and Security: 
The Office of Exporter Services is responsible for counseling exporters 
of all sizes, conducting export control seminars and drafting and 
publishing changes to the Export Administration Regulations. It is also 
responsible for compliance actions related to the Special Comprehensive 
Licenses and the development of export management systems. In addition, 
the office processes license applications and commodity 
classifications. 

Agency, office, and program: Bureau of Industry and Security: Export 
Control Seminar Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: A series of increasingly 
detailed seminars led by Bureau of Industry and Security's professional 
counseling staff to provide an in-depth examination of the Export 
Administration Regulations and to inform exporters how to comply with 
U.S. export control requirements on commercial goods. 

Agency, office, and program: Bureau of Industry and Security: Business 
and Technology Enhancement Opportunities and Partner Links; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: A web site to help make small 
and medium-sized businesses aware of the wide range of federal 
resources available to bolster their competitiveness in world markets. 
The Bureau of Industry and Security and partner agencies offer a 
variety of innovative programs to assist such firms. The web site 
provides a brief description and links to various programs, many of 
which are defense-related. 

Agency, office, and program: Bureau of Industry and Security: Defense 
Trade Advocacy Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Defense Advocacy Program 
helps companies succeed in today's highly competitive global defense 
market. They assist U.S. companies of all sizes. Trade and industry 
analysts: 1) support U.S. defense companies' products and services in 
international procurement competitions, 2) identify and disseminate 
information on export market opportunities, 3) provide market 
intelligence and business counseling, and 4) generate high-level, 
government-to- government advocacy on behalf of U.S. firms competing 
for international defense projects. 

Agency, office, and program: Bureau of Industry and Security: Defense 
Priorities and Allocations System Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The purpose of the Defense 
Priorities and Allocations System Program is to (1) assure the timely 
availability of industrial resources to meet current national defense 
and emergency preparedness program requirements; and (2) provide an 
operating system to support rapid industrial response in a national 
emergency. 

Agency, office, and program: Bureau of Industry and Security: Defense 
Industrial Capability and Technology Assessments; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Bureau of Industry and 
Security conducts industry analyses to assess the capability of the 
U.S. industrial base to support national defense. The Office of 
Technology Evaluation, an office within the Bureau, uses industry-
specific surveys to provide essential employment, financial, 
production, research and development, and other data - information 
unavailable from any other source. The final reports provide findings 
and recommendations for government policy-makers and industry leaders. 
These studies are conducted in cooperation with experts from the 
private sector and other U.S. government agencies. The goal is to 
enable the private sector and government agencies to monitor trends, 
benchmark industry performance, and raise awareness of diminishing 
manufacturing capabilities. Customers for these reports include the 
Armed Services, Congress, and industry associations. 

Agency, office, and program: Bureau of Industry and Security: Office of 
National Security and Technology Transfer Controls and Office of 
Nonproliferation and Treaty Compliance; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of National Security 
and Technology Transfer Controls (NSTTC) and the Office of 
Nonproliferation and Treaty Compliance (NPTC) are responsible for 
issues related to export and reexport controls. They implement the 
Export Administration Regulations to control the spread of commodities, 
technologies, and software that have both civilian and defense uses. 
The offices are responsible for policy actions, export licenses, 
commodity classifications, license determinations, advisory opinions 
for affected commodities, and interagency commodity jurisdiction 
assessments. Part of their missions include interacting with businesses 
of all sizes to ensure compliance with U.S. export regulations, and 
supporting BIS outreach activities. Business and Industry Services 
(BIS) does not provide financial assistance to any business. 
Specifically, NSTTC implements multilateral dual-use export controls 
for national security reasons to comply with the Wassenaar Arrangement. 
NSTTC is also responsible for U.S. export control policy for high 
performance computers and encryption, and administers the export 
licensing responsibilities for foreign nationals under the "deemed 
export" technology rule It also administers the "short supply" 
provisions of the Export Administration Regulations. NPTC implements 
multilateral dual-use export controls for non-proliferation reasons to 
comply with the Australia Group, the Chemical Weapons Convention, the 
Missile Technology Control Regime, and the Nuclear Suppliers Group. In 
addition, NPTC is responsible for the Inter-American Firearms 
Convention, crime control, and United Nations embargo restrictions. 
Both offices implement export controls for anti-terrorism and regional 
stability reasons. In addition, NSTTC conducts outreach on export 
controls to various industry associations: in the areas of night 
vision, encryption and deemed exports. 

Agency, office, and program: Economic Development Administration: Trade 
Adjustment Assistance for Firms; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Trade Adjustment Assistance 
(TAA) for Firms program is a matching funds program designed for 
manufacturers battling import competition. A firm may be eligible if it 
experienced sales and employment declines at least partially due to 
imports over the last 2 years. One of the 11 regional non-profit groups 
that manage the program (known as Trade Adjustment Assistance Centers 
or (TAACs) makes an initial assessment of eligibility. TAA for Firms 
provides financial assistance to offset the cost of projects that 
strengthen operations and sharpen competitiveness for manufacturers in 
many industries. This customized business assistance is used for a 
variety of projects, including consultant services in the areas of 
marketing, information technology, manufacturing, engineering, and 
quality. 

Agency, office, and program: International Trade Administration: 
Petition Counseling and Analysis Unit; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Petition Counseling and 
Analysis Unit helps U.S. Businesses understand U.S. unfair trade laws 
dealing with dumping and unfair foreign government subsidies, and the 
process of filing a petition requesting the initiation of an 
investigation. It provides guidance to potential petitioners to assist 
them in determining what types of information will be required in order 
to pursue action against an industry suspected of unfair trade 
practices. The PCAU also assists potential petitioners in ensuring 
their petition is in compliance with statutory initiation standards and 
provides small businesses with publicly available tariff and trade data 
from the Departments of Commerce and Treasury, and the U.S. 
International Trade Commission. 

Agency, office, and program: International Trade Administration: 
Subsidies Enforcement; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The primary mission of the 
Subsidies Enforcement Office (SEO) is to assist the private sector by 
monitoring foreign subsidies and identifying subsidies that can be 
remedied under the Subsidies Agreement of the World Trade Organization 
of which the United States is a member. As part of its monitoring 
efforts, the SEO has created a Subsidies Library, which is available to 
the public via the internet. The goal is to create an easily accessible 
one-stop shop that provides user-friendly information on foreign 
government subsidy practices. 

Agency, office, and program: International Trade Administration: Trade 
Remedy Compliance; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Trade Remedy Compliance 
Staff provides assistance to U.S. businesses which feel that their 
trade problems may stem from unfair trade practices or the improper 
application of foreign unfair trade laws. 

Agency, office, and program: International Trade Administration: 
Textiles and Apparel; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Deputy Assistant Secretary 
(DAS) for Textiles and Apparel oversees programs and strategies to 
improve the domestic and international competitiveness of the U.S. 
fiber, textile, and apparel industries, as well as industries which 
manufacture a wide range of consumer products. The DAS also serves as 
Chairman of the Committee for the Implementation of Textile Agreements, 
which determines when market disrupting factors exist in the domestic 
fiber, textile, and apparel marketplace. The DAS also administers U.S. 
textile quota agreements, formulates trade policy, performs research 
and analysis, compiles industry data, and promotes U.S. trade events 
for a whole spectrum of textiles and apparel. 

Agency, office, and program: International Trade Administration: 
Export Certificate of Review Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Through the Export Trade 
Certificate of Review Program, Commerce helps promote the development 
of Joint Ventures and the use of Export Trade Intermediaries. With this 
Certificate, businesses limit their domestic legal liability when Joint 
Exporting or when they have Joint Sales with a Trading Partner in 
foreign markets. Currently the more than 3,000 firms participate in the 
program account for an average of $12.3 billion in annual export sales. 

Agency, office, and program: International Trade Administration: 
Safe Harbor Certification; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: In order to provide a 
streamlined means for U.S. organizations to comply with the 
European.Union's (E.U.) data protection directive, Commerce and the 
European Union negotiated the U.S.-E.U. Safe Harbor Framework. The Safe 
Harbor Framework allows U.S. companies to avoid data flow interruptions 
from the European Union to the United States. To be assured of "safe 
harbor," a business must annually self certify to Commerce that it 
adheres to certain safe harbor requirements of the E.U. directive. 
Commerce maintains a list of all organizations that file self 
certification letters and makes both the list and the self 
certification letters publicly available. 

Agency, office, and program: International Trade Administration: Export 
Yellow Pages; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Export Yellow Pages on-line 
or print directory helps businesses locate export or trading partners, 
export trading companies, export management companies and export 
intermediaries. More than 27,000 firms currently advertise in the 
Yellow Pages. 

Agency, office, and program: International Trade Administration: Market 
Development Cooperator Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Market Development Cooperator 
Program (MDCP) awards entail financial and technical assistance from 
the International Trade Administration (ITA) to support projects that 
enhance the global competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing and services 
industries. An MDCP award establishes a partnership between ITA and non-
profit industry groups such as trade associations or chambers of 
commerce. Such groups are particularly effective in reaching small-and 
medium-size enterprises. The non-profit groups compete for a limited 
number of MDCP award partnerships by proposing innovative projects that 
enhance the global competitive position of their industry with a 
special emphasis on small-and medium-sized enterprises. These industry 
groups pledge to pay a minimum of two-thirds of the project cost and to 
sustain the project after the MDCP award period ends. 

Agency, office, and program: International Trade Administration: 
Strategy Targeting Organized Piracy; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Market Access and 
Compliance's Office of Intellectual Property Rights has undertaken 
numerous activities to assist particularly small and medium sized 
businesses in protecting intellectual property rights, both in the 
United States and abroad. These activities include hotlines to file 
complaints; limited legal counseling; country-specific information on 
protecting intellectual property rights; guidance in securing supply 
chains against fakes; protecting intellectual property right at trade 
fairs; training; and information to raise consumer awareness. 

Agency, office, and program: International Trade Administration: 
Commercial Services; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The U.S. Commercial Service 
promotes and protects U.S. commercial interests abroad and delivers 
customized solutions to ensure that U.S. businesses, especially small 
and medium sized enterprises, compete and win in the international 
marketplace through a global network of trade professionals. 

Agency, office, and program: International Trade Administration: The 
Advocacy Center; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Since its creation in 1993, the 
Advocacy Center has helped hundreds of U.S. companies--small, medium 
and large enterprises--in various industry sectors win government 
contracts across the globe. Advocacy assistance is wide and varied but 
often involves helping companies communicate with foreign governments 
or government-owned corporations. For example, on a case-by-case basis, 
following its due diligence process, the Advocacy Center and, if 
necessary, the Advocacy Network will make a national interest 
determination to identify whether the project qualifies for federal 
support. Typically, companies must demonstrate how supporting their bid 
will positively benefit the U.S. economy, primarily in the form of 
exports of goods and services. Other factors may also be taken into 
consideration. 

Agency, office, and program: International Trade Administration: 
Foreign Trade Zones Board; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Manufacturing in a Foreign Trade 
Zone (FTZ) may offer cost advantages to small and medium sized 
manufacturers. FTZ staff will provide information and assistance to 
companies considering whether to relocate to an FTZ, which are specific 
physical areas within the United States that, for customs purposes, are 
treated as if they are outside U.S. borders. When a company 
manufactures in an FTZ, the company is treated (for purposes of customs 
duties) as if it is located outside the United States. As a result, for 
export shipments of the finished product, U.S. import duties don't have 
to be paid on imported components. If the finished product is 
ultimately shipped to the U.S. market, companies may have the option to 
pay the finished product duty rate rather than the component duty rate. 

Agency, office, and program: Minority Business Development Agency: 
Minority Business Internet Portal; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Minority Business 
Development Agency's new Minority Business Internet Portal (website) is 
an e-commerce solution designed for the Minority Business Enterprise 
(MBE) community. This Internet platform provides MBEs with access to 
customized tools and business information to help them grow and thrive 
in an ever-changing digital economy. 

Agency, office, and program: Minority Business Development Agency: 
Minority Business Development Centers, Native American Business 
Development Centers, Business Resource Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: According to Commerce, the 
Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) is the only federal agency 
created specifically to foster the establishment and growth of minority-
owned businesses in America. The Agency's mission is to actively 
promote the growth and competitiveness of large, medium and small 
minority business enterprises. MBDA funds a network of Minority 
Business Development Centers, Native American Business Development 
Centers, and Business Resource Centers located throughout the Nation. 
The Centers are staffed by business specialists who have the knowledge 
and practical experience needed to run successful and profitable 
businesses. Business referral services are provided free of charge. 
However, the network generally charges nominal fees for specific 
management and technical assistance services. 

Agency, office, and program: Minority Business Development Agency: 
Minority Business Opportunity Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Minority Business 
Opportunity Centers (MBOC) are designed to coordinate federal, state 
and local business resources to benefit minority business development. 
They identify business and economic opportunities in the community and 
leverage those opportunities to meet the needs of minority business 
enterprises. The MBOC's help broker contract opportunities and 
financial transactions for minority owned businesses. 

Agency, office, and program: National Institute of Standards and 
Technology: Advanced Technology Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Although funding for new 
projects was discontinued in fiscal year 2005, the Advanced Technology 
Program (ATP) did receive funding to continue existing projects. ATP 
provides cost-shared multi-year funding to single companies and 
industry-led joint ventures to accelerate the development and broad 
dissemination of challenging, high-risk technologies with the potential 
for significant commercial payoffs and widespread benefits for the 
nation. This unique government-industry partnership aids companies in 
accelerating the development of emerging or enabling technologies that 
lead to revolutionary new products and industrial processes and 
services that can compete in rapidly changing world markets. ATP 
challenges the research and development community to take on higher 
technical risk projects with commensurately higher potential payoffs 
for the nation than they would otherwise pursue. ATP does not fund 
product development, manufacturing, marketing, or commercialization 
activities. 

Agency, office, and program: National Institute of Standards and 
Technology: Calibration services; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The calibration services of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are designed to 
help the makers and users of precision instruments achieve the highest 
possible levels of measurement quality and productivity. NIST recovers 
the cost of providing calibration services by charging a fee for each 
calibration performed. Calibration services are offered to public and 
private organizations and individuals alike. 

Agency, office, and program: National Institute of Standards and 
Technology: Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Manufacturing Engineering 
Laboratory works to satisfy the measurements and standards needs of the 
U.S. manufacturers in mechanical and dimensional metrology and in 
advanced manufacturing technology by conducting research and 
development, providing services, and participating in standards 
activities. 

Agency, office, and program: National Institute of Standards and 
Technology: Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Hollings Manufacturing 
Extension Partnership (MEP) is a nationwide network of not-for-profit 
centers in nearly 350 locations, whose purpose is to provide 
manufacturers with the services they need to succeed. The centers, 
serving all 50 States and Puerto Rico, are linked together through 
Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology. Centers are 
funded by federal, state, local and private resources to serve 
manufacturers that make it possible for even the smallest firms to tap 
into the expertise of knowledgeable manufacturing and business 
specialists all over the United States. These specialists are people 
who have had experience on manufacturing floors and in plant 
operations. Each center works directly with area manufacturers to 
provide expertise and services tailored to their most critical needs, 
which range from process improvements and worker training to business 
practices and applications of information technology. Solutions are 
offered through a combination of direct assistance from center staff 
and outside consultants. Centers often help small firms overcome 
barriers in locating and obtaining private-sector resources. 

Agency, office, and program: National Institute of Standards and 
Technology - Information Technology Laboratory: Agency, office, and 
program: Small Business Computer Security Workshops; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: According to the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), it has the mandate to 
help improve the security of commercial information technology products 
and strengthen the security of users' systems and infrastructures. To 
this end, NIST, in co-sponsorship with the Small Business 
Administration and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, conducts 
workshops on information security threats and solutions. The workshops 
resulting from this partnership deliver information security training 
and are especially designed for small businesses and not-for-profit 
organizations. Attendees will have the opportunity to explore practical 
tools and techniques that can help them to assess, enhance, and 
maintain the security of their systems and information. 

Agency, office, and program: National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration: Fisheries Finance Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Fisheries Finance Program 
provides long-term financing for the cost of construction or 
reconstruction of fishing vessels, shoreline facilities, and 
aquacultural facilities. Specifically, the program does not finance 
construction of new vessels, but refinances the previously paid cost of 
such construction. Additionally, the program provides long-term 
financing of individual fishing quotas in the Northwest Halibut and 
Sablefish fisheries. Vessel financing or refinancing that could 
contribute to overcapitalization by increasing harvesting capacity is 
prohibited by regulation. 

Agency, office, and program: National Telecommunications and 
Information Administration: Technology Transfer; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Institute for 
Telecommunication Sciences (ITS) participates in technology transfer 
and commercialization efforts by fostering cooperative 
telecommunications research with industry where benefits can directly 
facilitate U.S. competitiveness and market opportunities. ITS has 
participated for a number of years in Cooperative Research and 
Development Agreements (CRADAs) with private sector organizations to 
design, develop, test and evaluate advanced telecommunication concepts. 
Cooperative research with private industry has helped ITS accomplish 
its mission to support industry's productivity and competitiveness by 
providing insight into industry needs. This has led to adjustments in 
the focus and direction of other Institute programs to improve their 
effectiveness and value. While most CRADAs are with small businesses 
that gain access to the Institute's facilities through the agreement, 
these businesses may not meet the Small Business Administration's 
definition of small. These entities gain access to the Table Mountain 
Field Site and Radio Quiet Zone facilities to conduct radio research 
experiments that does not involve the transfer of technology from the 
government to small businesses. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary: Small Business 
Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Innovation 
Research Program (SBIR) is designed to ensure that small, high-
technology firms have access to federal research and development funds 
to pursue advanced technologies and their commercial applications. SBIR 
is a competitive three-phase program that reserves a specific 
percentage of research and development funding at certain federal 
agencies for awards to small businesses. Currently eleven other federal 
agencies provide the grant funds and oversee the projects. The Small 
Business Administration monitors the SBIR program and provides 
guidance. Two Commerce agencies (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration and National Institute of Standards and Technology) 
administer SBIR programs. SBIR funds the critical startup and 
development stages and it encourages the commercialization of the 
resulting technology, product, or service. In accordance with Executive 
Order No. 13,329, SBIR programs will give a priority, where feasible, 
to proposals that are directed toward innovations that will aid the 
nation's manufacturing sector. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary: Commerce's 
Information Technology Solutions Next Generation; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Commerce's Information 
Technology Solutions Next Generation (COMMITS NexGen) levels the 
"playing field" as a small business Government-Wide Acquisition 
Contract (GWAC) that is convenient for ordering information technology 
(IT) services from high quality small businesses. In today's 
streamlined acquisition environment, many IT requirements that once 
were publicly announced are now met through task and delivery order 
contracts. COMMITS NexGen gives small businesses the opportunity to 
compete and grow. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary: Office of 
Business Liaison; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of Business Liaison 
serves as the primary point for contact between Commerce and the 
business community. Specifically, among other things, the Office helps 
guide individuals and businesses to the Commerce offices and policy 
experts best suited to respond to their needs; helps to develop a pro-
active, responsive and effective outreach program and relationship with 
the business community; informs the Secretary, the Department and 
Administration officials of the critical issues facing the business 
community; and informs the business community of Commerce and 
Administration resources, policies and programs. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary: Prime Contractor 
Directory; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Commerce's 'Prime Contractor 
Directory' is prepared to assist all small businesses, with their 
marketing efforts in obtaining suitable subcontracting opportunities 
and presenting their capabilities to Commerce prime contractors. The 
Prime Contractor Directory includes product, service, and construction 
related contractors that have contracts with Commerce which are valued 
at $500,000 or more. These companies have approved subcontracting plans 
and their progress toward achieving its subcontracting goals is 
monitored by the Office of Small and Disadvantaged Utilization. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary: Subcontracting 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The subcontracting program 
creates many opportunities for small, small disadvantaged, HUBZone, 
veteran-owned, service disabled veteran-owned small firms, and women-
owned small businesses. Commerce requires contractors to establish 
aggressive goals for subcontracting with small businesses. The Office 
of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization monitors the progress 
of prime contractors in meeting the goals in their subcontracting 
plans. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary: Office of Small 
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization is an advocacy and advisory office 
responsible for promoting the use of small, small disadvantaged, 
Section 8(a), women-owned, veteran-owned, service-disabled veteran- 
owned, and HUBZone small businesses within Commerce's acquisition 
process. 

Agency, office, and program: Technology Administration: National 
Technical Information Service; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The mission of the National 
Technical Information Service (NTIS) is to promote progress by serving 
as the federal government's central means of making technical 
information perpetually and widely available. In performing its 
mission, NTIS contributes directly and substantially to the larger 
mission of Commerce which, according to Commerce's Strategic Plan for 
Fiscal Years 2004-2009, is to create the conditions for economic growth 
and opportunity by promoting innovation, entrepreneurship, 
competitiveness, and stewardship. Through NTIS, the nation's research 
and scientific community receives the fruits of research that can be 
used to create new or improved products and services that enhance the 
nation's competitiveness. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 10: Services Provided by Department of Commerce Programs by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Bureau of Industry and Security: Office of Exporter 
Services; 
Target businesses: Bureau of Industry and Security: Any business, 
regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Bureau of Industry and Security: Business and 
Technology Enhancement Opportunities and Partner Links; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Bureau of Industry and Security: Export Control 
Seminar Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Bureau of Industry and Security: Defense Trade 
Advocacy Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Bureau of Industry and Security: Defense Priorities 
and Allocations System Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Bureau of Industry and Security: Defense Industrial 
Capability and Technology Assessments; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Bureau of Industry and Security: Office of National 
Security and Technology Transfer Controls and Office of 
Nonproliferation and Treaty Compliance; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Economic Development Administration: Trade 
Adjustment Assistance for Firms; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: International Trade Administration: Petition 
Counseling and Analysis Unit; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: International Trade Administration: Subsidies 
Enforcement; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: International Trade Administration: Trade Remedy 
Compliance; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: International Trade Administration: Textiles and 
Apparel; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: International Trade Administration: Export 
Certificate of Review Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: International Trade Administration: Safe Harbor 
Certification; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: International Trade Administration: Export Yellow 
Pages; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: International Trade Administration: Market 
Development Cooperator Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check].

Agency and program: International Trade Administration: Trade 
Compliance Center; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: International Trade Administration: Commercial 
Services; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: International Trade Administration: The Advocacy 
Center; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: International Trade Administration: Foreign Trade 
Zones Board; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Minority Business Development Agency: Minority 
Business Internet Portal: 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Minority Business Development Agency: Minority 
Business Development Centers, Native American Business Development 
Centers, Business Resource Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Minority Business Development Agency: Minority 
Business Opportunity Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: National Institute of Standards and Technology: 
Advanced Technology Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: National Institute of Standards and Technology: 
Calibration services; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: National Institute of Standards and Technology: 
Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: National Institute of Standards and Technology: 
Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: National Institute of Standards and Technology - 
Information Technology Laboratory: Small Business Computer Security 
Workshops; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 
Fisheries Finance Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: National Telecommunications and Information 
Administration: Technology Transfer; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary: Small Business Innovation 
Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary: Commerce's Information 
Technology Solutions Next Generation; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary: Office of Business 
Liaison; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary: Prime Contractor 
Directory; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary: Subcontracting Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary: Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Technology Administration: National Technical 
Information Service; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];  
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix IV: Department of Defense - Programs that Offer Services to 
Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 11: Department of Defense Programs That Offer Services to Small 
Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, and 
Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Department of the Air Force: Technology 
Insertion, Demonstration, and Evaluation Program; 
Target businesses: Small businesses engaged in manufacturing; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Technology Insertion, 
Demonstration, and Evaluation (TIDE) program was founded to encourage 
and assist small manufacturers in the adoption of commercially 
available software and information technology. The TIDE program is 
specifically focused on small manufacturers that supply goods and 
services important to the national defense; however, much of the work 
of the TIDE program is broadly applicable to all small businesses. The 
TIDE program consists of three primary elements: (1) technology 
demonstration projects; (2) workforce development course; and (3) 
technology development projects. This program is run through Carnegie 
Mellon University's Software Engineering Institute. 

Agency, office, and program: Department of the Air Force - Air Force 
Outreach Program Office: Manufacturing Technical Assistance Production 
Program; 
Target businesses: Small businesses engaged in manufacturing; 
Agency description of program purpose: The purpose of the Air Force 
Manufacturing Technical Assistance Production Program is to assist in 
increasing and enhancing the competitiveness of small manufacturing 
firms in support of the Air Force in Defense and their major prime 
contractors by providing technical and managerial assistance. The 
program focuses on: small business solutions to industrial policy 
issues; reducing critical shortages of spare parts; sustaining legacy 
weapons systems; maintaining surge production capability; reducing 
diminishing manufacturing sources and material shortages; increasing 
competition in commodity areas and providing a source of "Best in 
Class" suppliers for the government to increase competition, reduce 
manufacturing costs, reduce cycle times, and increase flexibility in 
the supply chain. 

Agency, office, and program: Department of the Air Force - 
Manufacturing Technology Division: Industrial Base Information Center; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Industrial Base Information 
Center (IBIC) provides timely information about the Defense Technology 
and Industrial Base to directly support the planning and execution 
activities of the Directorate and related government users. IBIC 
services are available to all federal government employees and 
contractors requiring information on valid federal government 
contracts. IBIC has access to an extensive range of commercial and 
government information sources. On-line services include DIALOG, 
Haystack, AFKS, and Jane's. Databases available to IBIC include DD350 
government contract data, Standard & Poor's Research Insight, FEDLOG, 
Forecast International, and others. IBIC has used these and other 
sources to provide analyses suited to a variety of customers' needs. 

Agency, office, and program: Department of the Air Force - Technology 
Transfer Branch: Technology Transfer Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Air Force Technology 
Transfer Program assures that Air Force Science and science and 
engineering activities promote the transfer and/or exchange of 
technology in a timely manner to the private and public sectors. 
Partnering with the Air Force can be readily accomplished through a 
variety of Technology Transfer agreements, such as collaborative 
research or licensing Air Force technologies. 

Agency, office, and program: Department of the Army - Joint Munitions 
Command: Armament Retooling and Manufacturing Support Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Armament Retooling and 
Manufacturing Support (ARMS) program--a cooperative arrangement between 
the Army and Agriculture--offers commercial/industrial businesses the 
opportunity to establish business centers at eligible Army production 
facilities. The ARMS "Asset Management" model offers mature 
infrastructure and services to businesses seeking manufacturing, 
office, warehouse, and other industrial park resources. The facility 
contractor (property manager) at the participating Army site negotiates 
terms and conditions with these clients reaching the "fair market 
value" for needed asset requirements. The ARMS program offers leasehold 
improvements to prospective clients to upgrade the property, meet code 
requirements, or adapt existing infrastructure to business client 
needs. As with state and local economic development agencies, the aim 
of the ARMS Loan Guarantee Program is to assist commercial clients/ 
tenants in capitalizing their business opportunities. This loan program 
provides tenants with working capital, equipment acquisition, building 
modification, and other business resources to locate at eligible Army 
industrial facilities. 

Agency, office, and program: Department of the Navy - Best 
Manufacturing Practices Center of Excellence: Best Manufacturing 
Practices Program; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Best Manufacturing Practices 
(BMP) program operates out of the Best Manufacturing Practices Center 
of Excellence (BMPCOE), a partnership of the Office of Naval Research's 
BMP, Commerce, and the University of Maryland. The program helps 
businesses identify, research, and promote exceptional manufacturing 
practices, methods, and procedures to allow them to operate at a higher 
level of efficiency and effectiveness. BMP has three core competencies: 
(1) Best Practices Surveys - to identify, validate, and document best 
practices, and encourage government, industry, and academia to share 
information and implement the practices; (2) Systems Engineering - 
facilitated by the Program Manager's WorkStation, a suite of electronic 
tools that provide risk management, engineering support, and failure 
analysis through integrated problem solving; and (3) Web Technologies - 
offered through the Collaborative Work Environment to provide users 
with an integrated digital environment to access and process a common 
set of documents in a geographically dispersed environment. The mission 
of the BMPCOE is to provide a national resource to foster the 
identification and sharing of best practices used in industry, 
government, and academia, and to coordinate efforts to strengthen the 
U.S. industrial base for global competition. The BMPCOE staff assist 
projects with systems engineering best practices throughout a product's 
life cycle using process-based solutions to reduce risk and eliminate 
surprises. 

Agency, office, and program: Department of the Navy - Space and Naval 
Warfare Systems Center Charleston: Defense Small Business Technology 
and Readiness Resources; 
Target businesses: Small businesses engaged in manufacturing; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Defense Small Business 
Technology and Readiness Resources (DSTARR) program supports Defense 
needs by developing a national network of technically competent small 
businesses. DSTARR provides technical assistance and expertise to small 
businesses in support of their efforts to achieve process improvements, 
be competitive in the global marketplace, advance information 
technology capabilities, development leadership skills, and achieve 
manufacturing excellence. The program supports small manufacturing and 
specialized information technology companies so they can become viable 
suppliers, have the appropriate infrastructure and processes, and 
integrate into supply chains that support Defense. Prior to December 
2006 this program was known as the Manufacturing Technical Assistance 
Production Program. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: Next 
Generation Manufacturing Technology Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Agency description of program purpose: The purpose of the Next 
Generation Manufacturing Technology Initiative (NGMTI) is to accelerate 
the development and implementation of breakthrough manufacturing 
technologies in support of the transformation of the defense industrial 
base and the global economic competitiveness of U.S.-based 
manufacturing. With strong Congressional, federal/Defense, and industry 
support, NGMTI's goal is not only to create strategic investment plans 
for innovative manufacturing technologies, but also to drive the 
implementation of those technologies through focused experiments and 
partnerships. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: 
TechMatch; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: TechMatch web-based portal 
designed to provide industry and academia a Defense- sponsored solution 
to find research and development opportunities, licensable patents, and 
information on nearly 120 Defense labs located across the United 
States. Registered users will receive a daily e-mail taking them to 
their matching research and development opportunities from FedBizOpps, 
Grants.gov, SBIR/STTR solicitations; calendar events; and licensable 
patents relevant to their business. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: 
Technology Transition Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Congress established the 
Technology Transition Initiative (TTI) in the Bob Stump National 
Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2003, Pub. L. No. 107-314, 
Section 242, 116 Stat. 2458, 2494-2495 (Dec. 2, 2002) to: (1) 
accelerate the introduction of new technologies into operational 
capabilities for the armed forces, and (2) successfully demonstrate new 
technologies in relevant environments. The Science and Technology and 
Acquisition executives of each military department and each Defense 
Agency and the commanders of the unified and specified combatant 
commands nominate projects to be funded. The TTI Program Manager 
identifies the projects that meet Defense technology goals and 
requirements in consultation with the Technology Transition Council. 
The transition costs can be shared by the TTI Program Manager and the 
appropriate acquisition executive. Service/Agency contribution can be 
up to 50 percent of the total project cost. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: 
Manufacturing Technology Program; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Defense Manufacturing 
Technology (ManTech) Program focuses on the needs of weapon system 
programs for affordable, low-risk development, and production 
capabilities. It provides a link between technology invention and 
development, and industrial applications. It matures and validates 
emerging manufacturing technologies to support low-risk implementation 
in industry and Defense facilities (e.g., depots and shipyards). The 
program addresses production issues from system development through 
transition to production and sustainment. The primary customers of the 
Program are acquisition and logistics program managers who are 
responsible for transitioning acquisition programs from development 
into production and for the repair, maintenance, and overhaul of 
systems currently in use. It operates in the Army, Navy, Air Force, 
Defense Logistics Agency, and Defense Advanced Research Projects 
Agency. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: 
Defense Industry Adjustment; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The purpose of the Defense 
Industry Adjustment program is to help communities respond effectively 
to adverse Defense impacts, such as termination of a major defense 
contract. This usually means helping communities diversify defense-
dependent economies by developing community strategies and initiatives 
to assist firms and their employees. Usually, the adjustment process 
revolves around identifying an organization to assume responsibility 
for carrying out the program, planning the adjustment, and implementing 
the strategy. Community responses may include any or all of the 
following: assistance for small and medium-sized businesses; business 
financing programs; procurement assistance centers; industry clusters; 
manufacturing extension partnerships; export assistance; workforce 
assistance programs; business incubators; and/or a comprehensive 
strategy with multiple initiatives. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: 
TechLink; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The TechLink Center was 
established in 1996 at Montana State University in Bozeman, Montana. 
TechLink is funded by Defense to link companies with federal 
laboratories for technology licensing, research, technology transfer, 
and technology transition. TechLink's expertise extends to many 
industry areas including advanced materials and nano technology, 
aerospace, agricultural technologies, biomedicine and biotechnology, 
electronics, environmental technologies, information technologies and 
software, photonics and sensors. By understanding the technology needs 
and strengths of both industry and federal labs, TechLink develops 
productive partnerships for the licensing, transfer, development, and 
commercialization of technology. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: 
MilTech; 
Target businesses: Small businesses engaged in manufacturing; 
Agency description of program purpose: MilTech leverages TechLink's 
technology transfer activities and helps companies primarily in the 
northwestern U.S. to transition innovative technology to Defense 
operational use. This program is a partnership between TechLink and the 
Montana Manufacturing Extension Partnership Center. MilTech provides 
engineering, manufacturing, and business development assistance to 
these companies to help accelerate the transition of new technology to 
the U.S. warfighter, lower the cost and cycle time of technology 
acquisition, and help Defense more fully benefit from its small 
business research and development funding. Although MilTech is 
primarily a regional program, it operates outside of the northwestern 
United States in two different circumstances: (1) to help TechLink 
licensees of Defense technologies to transition these technologies to 
the U.S. warfighter, and (2) when requested by Defense program managers 
to help other companies deliver critically needed technology to 
Defense. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: 
Defense Technical Information Center; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Defense Technical 
Information Center (DTIC) is an online source of information for the 
acquisition, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of information about 
Defense's research and scientific and technical information. Its 
technical information services are available to anyone at no cost and 
can help applicants for research funds, such as Small Business 
Innovation Research program participants, to prepare proposals, develop 
products, market, and network. DTIC provides access to citations of 
unclassified documents, as well as the electronic full-text of many 
documents. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: Value 
Engineering; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The objective of the Defense 
Value Engineering program is to identify improvements in defense 
systems that can reduce costs and increase performance. Defense seeks 
to promote contractor participation in the program by (1) providing 
informational/educational material and assistance to contractors and 
(2) providing program advocates who can advise and assist Defense prime 
contractors and their subcontractors in developing proposals to change 
Value Engineering contracts as well as expediting the processing of 
these change proposals. Contractors receive a number of benefits for 
their participation in Value Engineering, including a share of the 
savings that results from Value Engineering contract changes. Also, 
contractors may benefit from reduced costs, increased efficiencies, and 
reduced overhead, among other things. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - 
Defense Logistics Agency: Procurement Gateway; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Procurement Gateway is an 
integrated online collection of automated systems providing oversight 
for the management of procurement data. The Procurement Gateway allows 
prospective government contractors to perform comprehensive and 
detailed searches against Request for Quotation and Award documents. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - 
Defense Logistics Agency: Business Counseling Center; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The goal of the Business 
Counseling Center (BCC) is to assist vendors in their search for 
business opportunities and to supply military customers with on-time 
quality goods. BCC has six state-of-the-art workstations that can 
provide easy access to view and quote on open solicitations via the 
Defense Supply Center Columbus Internet Bid Board System. BCC also 
offers contractors a free resource to access comprehensive research and 
logistics systems that include data on millions of parts purchased by 
the Department of Defense. BCC provides training sessions on the many 
facets of the acquisition process, in addition to a conference area for 
contractors and Defense Supply Center Columbus personnel to discuss 
acquisition issues. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - 
Defense Logistics Agency: Aging Systems Sustainment and Enabling 
Technologies; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Aging Systems Sustainment 
and Enabling Technologies (ASSET) program is a National Reinvention 
Laboratory initiated in 1994 by Oklahoma State University to address 
Defense procurement problems. ASSET is a government-academic-business 
partnership. Technology development, insertion activities and virtual 
manufacturing capabilities developed by ASSET partners have resulted in 
grouped parts databases, parts-demand forecasting models, parts-on- 
demand manufacturing, new materials technologies for ceramic bearings, 
new processes to reduce corrosion of aging systems, and new training 
materials. The technologies and processes developed in the ASSET 
program increase the Defense supply base, reduce the time and cost 
associated with parts procurement, and enhance military readiness. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - 
Defense Logistics Agency: Procurement Technical Assistance Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Procurement Technical 
Assistance Program provides Procurement Technical Assistance Centers 
(PTACs) with Defense support so that they may provide specialized and 
professional assistance to individuals and businesses seeking to learn 
about contracting and subcontracting opportunities, actively seeking 
contracting and subcontracting opportunities, and/or performing under 
contracts and subcontracts with Defense, other federal agencies, or 
state and local governments. This specialized and professional 
assistance may consist of but is not limited to outreach and counseling 
type services to promote understanding of federal, state, and local 
government requirements applicable to contracting for services, 
manufacturing, or other markets, and assistance in pursuing and 
securing subcontracting opportunities. PTACs are to make a concerted 
effort to seek out and assist Small Businesses, Small Disadvantaged 
Businesses, Women-Owned Small Businesses, Historically Underutilized 
Business Zone Small Business Concerns, Service-disabled Veteran-owned 
Small Businesses, and Historically Black Colleges and Minority 
Institutions. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - 
Office of Small Business Programs: Small Business Innovation Research 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Defense Small Business 
Innovation Research program is made up of 12 participating components: 
Army, Navy, Air Force, Missile Defense Agency, Defense Advanced 
Research Projects Agency, Chemical Biological Defense, Special 
Operations Command, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, National 
Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, and the Office of the Secretary of 
Defense. Beginning in fiscal year 2007, the Defense Logistics Agency 
and the Defense Micro-Electronics Activity became participating 
components. The program funds early-stage research and development at 
small technology companies and is designed to stimulate technological 
innovation, increase private sector commercialization of federal 
research and development, increase small business participation in 
federally funded research and development, and foster participation by 
minority and disadvantaged firms in technological innovation. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - 
Office of Small Business Programs: Small Business Technology Transfer 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Defense Small Business 
Technology Transfer (STTR) program is made up of 6 participating 
components: Army, Navy, Air Force, Missile Defense Agency, Defense 
Advanced Research Projects Agency, and Defense Research and 
Engineering. STTR competitively funds cooperative research and 
development projects involving a small business and a research 
institution, such as a university, federally-funded research and 
development center, or nonprofit research institution. The purpose of 
STTR is to create an effective vehicle for moving ideas from the 
nation's research institutions to the market, where they can benefit 
both private sector and military customers. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - 
Office of Small Business Programs: Mentor-Protégé Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Mentor-Protégé program 
assists certain small businesses (Protégés) to successfully compete for 
prime contract and subcontract awards by partnering with large 
companies (Mentors) under individual, project- based agreements. 
Mentors and Protégés are solely responsible for finding their 
counterpart. Many mentors have made the program an integral part of 
their sourcing plans; while the protégés have used their involvement to 
develop much needed business and technical capabilities to diversify 
their customer base. This program is operated through the Air Force, 
Army, Navy, Defense Information Systems Agency, Defense Contracts 
Management Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, Defense Logistics 
Agency, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Special Operations 
Command, National Security Agency, Joint Robotics Program, and Missile 
Defense Agency. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - 
Office of Small Business Programs: Women-Owned Small Business Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Defense Women-Owned Small 
Business (WOSB) program highlights the agency's efforts to achieve the 
5 percent goal for prime and subcontract awards to small business 
concerns owned and controlled by women. The program objectives are to 
facilitate, preserve, and strengthen full participation for WOSB 
concerns in the Defense acquisition programs for goods and services 
and, through programs and activities. It supports the growth of WOSB 
concerns through outreach, training, and technical assistance. All 
Defense subcontracting plans are required to have a separate goal for 
awards to WOSBs. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - 
Office of Small Business Programs: Regional Councils for Small Business 
Education and Advocacy; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Defense Regional Councils 
for Small Business Education and Advocacy are a nationwide network of 
small business specialists organized to promote the national small 
business programs of the United States. There are eight Regional 
Councils sponsored by the Defense Office of Small Business Programs 
governed by individual by-laws: Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, District of 
Columbia, Southeastern, North Central, South Central, Pacific 
Northwest, and Western. The Council's primary objective is to promote 
the national small business programs to include small, historically 
underutilized business zone (HUBZone) small, small disadvantaged, women-
owned small, and veteran-owned small business concerns; historically 
black colleges and universities; minority institutions; and tribal 
colleges. Additional objectives include promoting the exchange of ideas 
and experiences, and general information among small business 
specialists and the contracting community; and developing closer 
relationships and better communication among government entities and 
the small business community. Some Councils invite Small Business 
Liaison Officers representing prime contractors in an effort to promote 
small business subcontracting. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - 
Office of Small Business Programs: Service Disabled Veteran-Owned Small 
Business Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Defense conducts outreach to 
identify small business concerns that are owned and controlled by 
service-disabled veterans. The purpose of this outreach is to improve 
prime and subcontracting opportunities for service disabled veteran- 
owned small businesses throughout Defense including the military 
services and other Defense agencies. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - 
Office of Small Business Programs: Indian Incentive Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Indian Incentive Program is 
a congressionally authorized program that provides a rebate to the 
Prime Contractor of 5-percent of the total amount subcontracted to an 
Indian-Owned Economic Enterprise or Indian Organization. The program 
motivates Prime contractors to utilize Indian organization and Indian-
owned economic enterprises. Defense prime contractors, regardless of 
size of contract are eligible for incentive payments. This is more of a 
monetary incentive for primes that will contract with Indian 
organizations, thus benefit those organizations by giving increased 
opportunities. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - 
Office of Small Business Programs: HUBZone Empowerment Contracting 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The purpose of the Historically 
Underutilized Business Zone Empowerment Contracting Program is to 
stimulate economic development and create jobs in urban and rural 
communities by providing federal contracting preferences to small 
businesses. The program provides federal contracting opportunities for 
qualified small businesses located in distressed areas. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - 
Office of Small Business Programs: Office of Small Business Programs; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The mission of the Office of 
Small Business Programs is to (1) advise the Secretary of Defense on 
all matters related to small business; (2) represent the Secretary of 
Defense on major matters addressed at the Office of the Secretary of 
Defense level; (3) develop Defense-wide small business policy and 
provide oversight to ensure compliance by all military departments and 
defense agencies; and (4) provide military departments, Defense 
agencies, and Procurement Technical Assistance Centers with training 
and tools to foster an environment that encourages small business 
participation in defense acquisition. The Office of Small Business 
Programs has the full range of authority over Defense small business 
programs. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - 
Office of Technology Transition: Defense Production Act Title III 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Title III of the Defense 
Production Act of 1950, ch. 932, 64 Stat. 798 (Sept. 8, 1950), 
authorizes the federal government to provide appropriate incentives to 
develop, maintain, modernize, and expand the productive capacities of 
domestic sources for critical components, critical technology items, 
and industrial resources essential for the execution of the national 
security strategy of the United States. The purposes of a Title III 
project is to create a commercially viable domestic industrial 
capability for affordable, high quality, high performance products that 
are essential to national defense. Additionally, sources incentivized 
under Title III are intended to be competitive in the global market and 
remain a reliable supplier for Defense and its industry partners. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 12: Services Provided by Department of Defense Programs by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Department of the Air Force: Technology Insertion, 
Demonstration, and Evaluation Program;
Target businesses: Small businesses engaged in manufacturing; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Department of the Air Force - Air Force Outreach 
Program Office: Manufacturing Technical Assistance Production Program; 
Target businesses: Small businesses engaged in manufacturing; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Department of the Air Force - Manufacturing 
Technology Division: Industrial Base Information Center; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Department of the Air Force - Technology Transfer 
Branch: Technology Transfer Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Department of the Army - Joint Munitions Command: 
Armament Retooling and Manufacturing Support Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Department of the Navy - Best Manufacturing 
Practices Center of Excellence: Best Manufacturing Practices Program; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Department of the Navy - Space and Naval Warfare 
Systems Center Charleston: Defense Small Business Technology and 
Readiness Resources; 
Target businesses: Small businesses engaged in manufacturing; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check].

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: Next Generation 
Manufacturing Technology Initiative; 
Target businesses:Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: TechMatch; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: Technology 
Transition Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: Manufacturing 
Technology Program; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: Defense 
Industry Adjustment; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: TechLink; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: MilTech; 
Target businesses: Small businesses engaged in manufacturing; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: Defense 
Technical Information Center; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense: Value 
Engineering; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - Defense 
Logistics Agency: Procurement Gateway; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - Defense 
Logistics Agency: Business Counseling Center; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - Defense 
Logistics Agency: Aging Systems Sustainment and Enabling Technologies; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - Defense 
Logistics Agency: Procurement Technical Assistance Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - Office of 
Small Business Programs: Small Business Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - Office of 
Small Business Programs: Small Business Technology Transfer Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - Office of 
Small Business Programs: Mentor-Protégé Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - Office of 
Small Business Programs: Women-Owned Small Business Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - Office of 
Small Business Programs: Regional Councils for Small Business Education 
and Advocacy; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - Office of 
Small Business Programs: Service Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - Office of 
Small Business Programs: Indian Incentive Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - Office of 
Small Business Programs: HUBZone Empowerment Contracting Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - Office of 
Small Business Programs: Office of Small Business Programs; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary of Defense - Office of 
Technology Transition: Defense Production Act Title III Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix V: Department of Education - Programs that Offer Services to 
Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 13: Department of Education Programs That Offer Services to Small 
Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, and 
Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Institute of Education Sciences: Small 
Business Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Innovation 
Research (SBIR) program helps stimulate technological innovation, 
utilize small business to meet federal research and development needs, 
and increase private sector commercialization. SBIR is a highly 
competitive program that encourages small business to explore their 
technological potential and provides the incentive to profit from its 
commercialization. By including qualified small businesses in the 
nation's research and development arena, high-tech innovation is 
stimulated and the United States gains entrepreneurial spirit as it 
meets its specific research and development needs. Offices within 
Education that have SBIR programs are as follows: the Institute of 
Education Sciences and the Office of Special Education and 
Rehabilitative Services/National Institute on Disability and 
Rehabilitation Research. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Deputy Secretary: Office of 
Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization promotes and fosters opportunities 
for small and socioeconomically disadvantaged business concerns seeking 
to obtain prime contracts, subcontracts, and grants that support the 
programmatic and operational functions of the Department of Education. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 14: Services Provided by Department of Education Programs by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Institute of Education Sciences: Small Business 
Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type;
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Institute of Education Sciences, Office of the 
Deputy Secretary: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check].

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix VI: Department of Energy - Programs that Offer Services to 
Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 15: Department of Energy Programs That Offer Services to Small 
Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, and 
Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Advanced Scientific Computing 
Research: Small Business Technology Transfer Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Technology 
Transfer (STTR) program expands funding opportunities in the federal 
innovation research and development (R&D) arena through public/private 
sector partnerships to include joint venture opportunities for small 
business and nonprofit research institutions. STTR is a competitive 
three-phase program that reserves a specific percentage of federal R&D 
funding for award to small business and nonprofit research institution 
partners. Five federal departments and agencies (the Departments of 
Defense, Energy, and Health and Human Services, as well as the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration and National Science Foundation) 
are required by STTR to reserve a portion of their R&D funds for awards 
to small business/nonprofit research institution partnerships. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Advanced Scientific Computing 
Research: Small Business Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Innovation 
Research (SBIR) program is designed to stimulate technological 
innovation, utilize small business to meet federal research and 
development needs, and increase private sector commercialization. SBIR 
is a highly competitive program that encourages small business to 
explore their technological potential and provides the incentive to 
profit from its commercialization. By including qualified small 
businesses in the nation's research and development arena, high-tech 
innovation is stimulated and the United States gains entrepreneurial 
spirit as it meets its specific research and development needs. Twelve 
Energy components participate in the agency's SBIR program. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 
Energy: Inventions and Innovation; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Inventions and Innovation (I&I) 
provides grants to independent inventors and small companies with sound 
ideas for energy efficiency technologies. I&I provides grantees not 
only with funding, but also with additional resources such as training, 
market assessments, technical assistance, access to promotional events 
and materials, and special contacts to aid in commercialization 
endeavors. In addition to the financial assistance grant, I&I provides 
awardees with business planning assistance and networking resources. 
For grantees who demonstrate a commitment to commercializing their 
technology, I&I also funds a market assessment and offers business 
strategy assistance. I&I recently launched a Web site that offers 
information tools and valuable network resources for the entrepreneur. 
Finally, awardees have the option of working with a private 
organization of past successful grantees that will mentor or otherwise 
aid new entrepreneurs graduating from I&I. Since I&I's inception, over 
34,000 proposals have been submitted, resulting in over 900 projects 
selected for financial and commercialization assistance. Awardees are 
monitored annually until their technologies are retired from the market 
or they abandon their efforts. Licensees are monitored as long as the 
technology remains on the market. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 
Energy: Industrial Technologies Program; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Industrial Technologies 
Program (ITP) works with U.S. industry to improve industrial energy 
efficiency and environmental performance. The program invests in high-
risk, high-value research and development to reduce industrial energy 
use while stimulating productivity and growth. Results of this 
investment are seen in the many ITP-funded technologies in the 
marketplace today. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 
Energy: Energy TechNet; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Energy TechNet is a core 
collection of information and resources for anyone engaged in 
developing and commercializing advanced energy technologies. From idea 
development to market assessment, intellectual property protection to 
financing, the Web site addresses each stage of technology development 
and commercialization. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 
Energy: FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: FreedomCAR and Vehicle 
Technologies Program professionals work with industry leaders to 
develop and deploy advanced transportation technologies that could 
achieve significant improvements in vehicle fuel efficiency and 
displace oil with competitive manner. Program activities include 
research, development, demonstration, testing, technology validation, 
technology transfer, and education. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization is responsible for increasing the 
contracting opportunities awarded to small and disadvantaged 
businesses. Energy purchases billions of dollars worth of goods and 
services annually including remediation, research and development, 
management and scientific consulting, plate work manufacturing, 
engineering, and waste treatment and disposal. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Section 8(a) Pilot Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Act Section 
8(a) (Section 8(a)) Pilot Program was established in fiscal year 1991 
to: 1) target Section 8(a) businesses for Energy procurement 
opportunities at the subcontract level. The Section 8(a) Pilot Program 
offers financial assistance in the form of subcontracts. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Mentor-Protégé Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Mentor-Protégé program is 
designed to encourage Energy prime contractors to assist small 
disadvantaged firms certified by the Small Business Administration 
(SBA) under Section 8(a) of the Small Business Act, other small 
disadvantaged businesses, women-owned and service disabled veteran 
owned small businesses, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, 
and other minority institutions of higher learning, in business and 
technical areas. The program seeks to foster long-term business 
relationships between these small business entities and Energy prime 
contractors, and to increase the overall number of small businesses 
that receive Energy contract and subcontract awards. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 16: Services Provided by Department of Energy Programs by Agency, 
Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research: 
Small Business Technology Transfer Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research: 
Small Business Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check].

Agency and program: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: 
Inventions and Innovation; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check].

Agency and program: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy:
Industrial Technologies Program; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check].

Agency and program: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy:
Energy TechNet; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy:
FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research: 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Section 8(a) Pilot Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Mentor-Protégé Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix VII: Department of Health and Human Services - Programs that 
Offer Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 17: Department of Health and Human Services Programs That Offer 
Services to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target 
Businesses, and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Occupational 
Health Training; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The National Institute for 
Occupational Safety and Health supports 16 university-based Education 
and Research Centers that offer short-term continuing education for 
occupational safety and health professionals and others with worker 
safety and health responsibilities. 

Agency, office, and program: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Research 
Program for the Manufacturing Sector; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Agency description of program purpose: The mission of the National 
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Research Program 
for the Manufacturing sector is to eliminate occupational diseases, 
injuries, and fatalities among workers in manufacturing industries 
through a focused program of research and prevention. NIOSH believes 
that their research only realizes its true value when put into 
practice. Every research project within the NIOSH program for the 
Manufacturing sector formulates a strategy to promote the transfer and 
translation of research findings into prevention practices and products 
that will be adopted in the workplace. NIOSH partners with labor, 
industry, government, and other stakeholders to accomplish the program 
goals. There is also a research to practice component to the program. 

Agency, office, and program: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Summary Fact 
Sheets; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: National Institute for 
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) makes available brief documents, 
from1 to 4 pages that describe occupational hazards or NIOSH research 
activities. 

Agency, office, and program: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Alerts; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Alerts briefly present new 
information about occupational illnesses, injuries, and deaths. Alerts 
urgently request assistance in preventing, solving, and controlling 
newly identified occupational hazards. Workers, employers, and safety 
and health professionals are asked to take immediate action to reduce 
risks and implement controls. National Institute for Occupational 
Safety and Health has published more than 40 Alerts on a variety of 
topics. 

Agency, office, and program: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: NIOSH Pocket 
Guide to Chemical Hazards; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: This Guide is a source of 
general industrial hygiene information for workers, employers, and 
occupational health professionals. It presents key information and data 
in abbreviated tabular form for 677 chemicals or substance groups that 
are found in many work environments. 

Agency, office, and program: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Chemical 
Safety Cards; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Chemical Safety Cards summarize 
essential safety and health information about chemicals for their use 
at the "shop floor" level by workers and employers. They are simpler 
than material safety data sheets and designed specifically for workers' 
reference. 

Agency, office, and program: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Health Hazard 
Evaluations; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Health Hazard Evaluations (HHEs) 
are investigations conducted by the National Institute for Occupational 
Safety and Health in response to concerns expressed by employees, 
employee representatives, or employers, to find out whether there is a 
health hazard to employees caused by hazardous exposures and conditions 
in the workplace. HHEs are provided at no cost and may be confidential. 

Agency, office, and program: Food and Drug Administration - Center for 
Biologics Evaluation and Research: Manufacturers' Assistance; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Center for Biologics 
Evaluation and Research (CBER) has established a manufacturers' 
assistance program to provide assistance and training to industry, 
including large and small manufacturers and trade associations, and to 
respond to requests for information regarding CBER policies and 
procedures. Manufacturers' assistance is available in numerous areas 
including: clinical investigator information, adverse event reporting 
procedures, electronic submissions guidance and requirements, and 
information on how to submit an investigational new drug application to 
administer an investigational product to humans. This assistance 
extends to facilitating effective development of all products regulated 
by CBER including products to diagnose, treat or prevent outbreaks from 
exposure to the pathogens that have been identified as bioterrorist 
agents. The Manufacturers Assistance and Technical Training Branch 
(MATTB) informs industry and trade associations of the status of CBER 
policies and initiatives through regular information dissemination and 
training. MATTB also serves as the CBER focal point for industry and 
trade associations to provide meeting support, and coordinates external 
meetings with other Food and Drug Administration Centers. 

Agency, office, and program: Food and Drug Administration - Center for 
Biologics Evaluation and Research: Investigational New Drug 
Application; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing; 
Agency description of program purpose: Current federal law requires 
that a drug be the subject of an approved marketing application before 
it is transported or distributed across state lines. Because a sponsor 
(usually the manufacturer or potential marketer) will probably want to 
ship the investigational drug to clinical investigators in many states, 
it must seek an exemption from that legal requirement. The 
Investigational New Drug Application is the means through which the 
sponsor technically obtains this exemption from the Food and Drug 
Administration. 

Agency, office, and program: Food and Drug Administration - Center for 
Biologics Evaluation and Research: Prescription Drug User Fee Act and 
Reductions for Small Business; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing; 
Agency description of program purpose: 21 U.S.C. § 379h authorizes the 
Food and Drug Administration to collect and use fees from companies 
that produce certain human drug and biological products. There are 
three types of user fees - application fees, establishment fees, and 
product fees. Since the passage of PDUFA, user fees have played an 
important role in expediting the drug approval process. The agency will 
waive the application fee for the first human drug application that a 
small business or its affiliate submits for review. 

Agency, office, and program: Food and Drug Administration - Center for 
Devices and Radiological Health: Division of Small Manufacturers, 
International and Consumer Assistance; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Center for Devices and 
Radiological Health has a small manufacturers, international and 
consumer advice division which offers many forms of services to small 
manufacturers including technical and regulatory assistance. The 
division participates in many workshops which may be of educational 
value to the general medical device community. 

Agency, office, and program: Food and Drug Administration - Center for 
Drug Evaluation and Research: Investigational New Drug Application; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Current federal law requires 
that a drug be the subject of an approved marketing application before 
it is transported or distributed across state lines. Because a sponsor 
(usually the manufacturer or potential marketer) will probably want to 
ship the investigational drug to clinical investigators in many states, 
it must seek an exemption from that legal requirement. The 
Investigational New Drug Application is the means through which the 
sponsor technically obtains this exemption from the Food and Drug 
Administration. 

Agency, office, and program: Food and Drug Administration - Center for 
Drug Evaluation and Research: Prescription Drug User Fee Act and 
Reductions for Small Business; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: 21 U.S.C. § 379h authorizes the 
Food and Drug Administration to collect and use fees from companies 
that produce certain human drug and biological products. There are 
three types of user fees - application fees, establishment fees, and 
product fees. Since the passage of PDUFA, user fees have played an 
important role in expediting the drug approval process. The agency will 
waive the application fee for the first human drug application that a 
small business or its affiliate submits for review. 

Agency, office, and program: Food and Drug Administration - Center for 
Drug Evaluation and Research: Small Business Assistance; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: In the Center for Drug 
Evaluation and Research (CDER), the Office of Training and 
Communication (OTCOM) provides ongoing assistance to pharmaceutical 
businesses with fewer than 500 employees. The assistance includes a 
comprehensive website, a ListServ of 2,500 subscribers, a point of 
contact office for specific questions, and a free annual workshop on 
basic Food and Drug Administration/CDER organization and processes. The 
OTCOM ListServ conveys important emerging information to small 
regulated industry, including Federal Register notices, guidance, etc., 
on a bi-weekly basis. 

Agency, office, and program: Food and Drug Administration - Office of 
Orphan Product Development: Orphan Product Grants; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Orphan Product Grants encourage 
clinical development of products for use in rare diseases or 
conditions, usually defined as affecting fewer than 200,000 people in 
the United States. The products studied can be drugs, biologics, 
medical devices, or medical foods. At this time, only clinical studies 
qualify for consideration. Each application should propose one discrete 
clinical study to facilitate Food and Drug Administration approval of 
the product for a rare disease or condition. The study may address an 
unapproved new product or an unapproved new use for a product already 
on the market. Small businesses are encouraged to apply. 

Agency, office, and program: National Institutes of Health - National 
Cancer Institute: Innovative Molecular Analysis Technologies Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Innovative Molecular 
Analysis Technologies (IMAT) Program is aimed at the inception, 
development, integration, and application of novel and emerging 
technologies in the support of cancer research, treatment, diagnosis, 
and prevention. The IMAT Program is part of a broader technology 
development initiative within the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to 
harness specific technologies in the fight against cancer. This 
initiative underscores the desire of NCI to develop and integrate novel 
and emerging technologies in support of cancer research, diagnosis, and 
treatment. In the research continuum of discovery, development, and 
delivery, the IMAT Program accelerates development and delivery. This 
specific program will therefore serve as the discovery tool of a larger 
NCI technology initiative by soliciting and funding highly innovative, 
high-risk and cancer-relevant technology development projects 
associated with the molecular analysis of cancer. 

Agency, office, and program: National Institutes of Health - National 
Cancer Institute: Unconventional Innovations Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: To spur development of daring 
technologic improvements in cancer treatment and detection in the 21st 
century, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) created the Unconventional 
Innovations Program. This program seeks to stimulate development of 
radically new technologies in cancer care that can transform what is 
now impossible into the realm of the possible for detecting, 
diagnosing, and intervening in cancer at its earliest stages of 
development. The program began in 1999 and is targeted to invest $50 
million over a ten year period. 

Agency, office, and program: National Institutes of Health - National 
Cancer Institute: Technology Transfer Branch; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Technology Transfer Branch 
(TTB) provides a complete array of services to support the National 
Cancer Institute's technology development activities. TTB negotiates 
the following collaborative agreements for laboratories: Cooperative 
Research and Development Agreements, Material Transfer Agreements, 
Confidential Disclosure Agreements, and Clinical Trials Agreements. In 
addition, TTB markets technologies to outside organizations in order to 
foster research collaboration, gives advice on intellectual property 
issues, and keeps laboratories posted on the latest developments in 
technology development and transfer. 

Agency, office, and program: National Institutes of Health - Office of 
Technology Transfer: Office of Technology Transfer; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of Technology 
Transfer (OTT) retains title to inventions developed in National 
Institutes of Health's (NIH) intramural laboratories and licensing of 
these inventions to private entities to ensure use, commercialization, 
and public availability. In a similar way, extramural recipients of NIH 
funds, such as universities, are allowed to seek patent protection for 
inventions arising from their NIH-funded basic research and license the 
rights to private entities to promote commercialization. Over the last 
15 years, NIH has executed thousands of license agreements. These 
licenses transfer NIH and FDA inventions to the private sector for 
further research and development and potential commercialization that 
can lead to significant public health benefits. 

Agency, office, and program: National Institutes of Health - Office of 
the Director: Office of Acquisition Management and Policy; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of Acquisition 
Management and Policy (OAMP) is committed to acquisition excellence by 
providing leadership, advice and oversight for all National Institute 
of Health (NIH) acquisition and financial advising services. Through 
strategic partnership with industry, the NIH strives to acquire the 
best OAMP acquisition value in products and services to support the 
agency's mission activities. Strategies and efforts to promote business 
interests and opportunities at NIH include: strategic activities for 
contracting and financial program policies, procedures and practices; 
organizational guidance in advising on acquisition and financial 
program activities; oversight activities to review compliance with 
federal, HHS and NIH acquisition regulations; outreach activities for 
NIH personnel and the business community; and maintaining vendor 
resource information. 

Agency, office, and program: National Institutes of Health - Office of 
the Director: e-Portals in Commerce; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: e-PIC is an e-business system 
designed to smartly capture the global marketplace and profile 
information about organizations providing products and services. The 
system is designed to function on a Web platform and links users of the 
system conducting market research or seeking sources of supplies and 
services to this virtual market place. It is a consolidated database 
for storing and maintaining vendor contact information and contract 
services that each can offer. Vendors can easily add and update their 
contact information to provide a variety of search criteria for 
providing sources for an organization's acquisitions, and to make such 
a system user friendly and available to the organization 
administrators. 

Agency, office, and program: National Institutes of Health - Office of 
the Director: Small Business Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Innovation 
Research (SBIR) program was established to stimulate technological 
innovation, utilize small business to meet federal research and 
development needs, and increase private sector commercialization. SBIR 
is a highly competitive program that encourages small business to 
explore their technological potential and provides the incentive to 
profit from its commercialization. By including qualified small 
businesses in the nation's research and development arena, high-tech 
innovation is stimulated and the United States gains entrepreneurial 
spirit as it meets its specific research and development needs. 

Agency, office, and program: National Institutes of Health - Office of 
the Director: Small Business Technology Transfer Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Technology 
Transfer (STTR) program was established to stimulate technological 
innovation, utilize small business to meet federal research and 
development needs, and increase private sector commercialization. STTR 
is a highly competitive program that encourages small business to 
explore their technological potential and provides the incentive to 
profit from its commercialization. By including qualified small 
businesses in the nation's research and development arena, high-tech 
innovation is stimulated and the United States gains entrepreneurial 
spirit as it meets its specific research and development needs. STTR 
requires research partners at universities and other non-profit 
institutions to have a formal collaborative relationship with the small 
business concern. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary - Office of Small 
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of Small & 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization has organized its responsibilities, 
programs, and activities under three lines of business: Advocacy, 
outreach and unification of the business process. The results achieved 
under all three lines of business support the accomplishment of Health 
and Human Services' (HHS) strategic goal - to encourage and assist the 
participation of all small businesses in HHS' contracts and grants. All 
of the activities carried out by the HHS Office of Small & 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization are done in support of its mission 
to give small businesses equal consideration in contracting 
opportunities and to increase the number of awards that are made to 
small businesses. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary - Office of Small 
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Small Business Program Manual; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Health and Human Services' Small 
Business Program Manual (SBPM) supplements the Federal Acquisition 
Regulation (FAR) and the Health and Human Services Acquisition 
Regulation (HHSAR). It is non-regulatory in nature and provides uniform 
procedures to support and encourage small business participation in the 
Department's efforts to acquire goods and services. The SBPM is not a 
stand-alone document and must be read with the FAR and HHSAR. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary - Office of Small 
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Vendor Outreach Sessions; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization hosts monthly Vendor Outreach 
Session to educate vendors on the preferential procurement programs and 
to provide information on how to effectively market their products and 
services to Health and Human Services. These sessions are free and are 
held on the second Tuesday of each month, January - November, from 8:30 
a.m. - 12 noon. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 18: Services Provided by Department of Health and Human Services 
Programs by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - 
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Occupational 
Health Training; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - 
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Research Program 
for the Manufacturing Sector; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - 
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Summary Fact 
Sheets; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - 
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Alerts; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - 
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: NIOSH Pocket 
Guide to Chemical Hazards; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - 
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Chemical Safety 
Cards; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - 
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Health Hazard 
Evaluations; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Food and Drug Administration - Center for Biologics 
Evaluation and Research: Manufacturers' Assistance; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Food and Drug Administration - Center for Biologics 
Evaluation and Research: Investigational New Drug Application; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Food and Drug Administration - Center for Biologics 
Evaluation and Research: Prescription Drug User Fee Act and Reductions 
for Small Business; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Food and Drug Administration - Center for Drug 
Evaluation and Research: Investigational New Drug Application; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Food and Drug Administration - Center for Drug 
Evaluation and Research: Prescription Drug User Fee Act and Reductions 
for Small Businesses; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Food and Drug Administration - Center for Drug 
Evaluation and Research: Small Business Assistance; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check].

Agency and program: Food and Drug Administration - Office of Orphan 
Product Development: Orphan Product Grants; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: National Institutes of Health - National Cancer 
Institute: Innovative Molecular Analysis Technologies Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: National Institutes of Health - National Cancer 
Institute: Unconventional Innovations Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: National Institutes of Health - National Cancer 
Institute: Technology Transfer Branch; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: National Institute of Health - Office of Technology 
Transfer: Office of Technology Transfer; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: National Institutes of Health - Office of the 
Director: Office of Acquisition Management and Policy; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: National Institutes of Health - Office of the 
Director: e-Portals in Commerce; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: National Institutes of Health - Office of the 
Director: Small Business Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check];
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary - Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Office of Small and Disadvantaged 
Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary - Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Small Business Program Manual; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary - Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Vendor Outreach Sessions; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix VIII: Department of Homeland Security - Programs that Offer 
Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 19: Department of Homeland Security Programs That Offer Services 
to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target 
Businesses, and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU) ensures Homeland Security 
complies with federal laws, regulations, and policies to provide 
opportunities in its acquisitions to small business, including socially 
and economically disadvantaged small businesses. OSDBU is also 
responsible for Homeland Security's subcontracting program. OSDBU has 
small business specialists at the Center for Domestic Preparedness, 
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Customs and Border 
Protection, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Immigration and 
Customs Enforcement, Transportation Security Administration, Federal 
Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Secret Service, and U.S. Coast Guard. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Mentor-Protégé program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Mentor-Protégé program is 
designed to motivate and encourage large prime contractors to provide 
developmental assistance to small businesses, including socially and 
economically disadvantaged small businesses. The program is also 
designed to (1) improve the performance of contracts and subcontracts, 
(2) foster the establishment of long-term business relationships 
between large prime contractors and small business subcontractors, and 
(3) strengthen subcontracting opportunities and accomplishments through 
incentives. For certain acquisitions, mentors may receive credit in the 
source selection/evaluation criteria process and a post-award incentive 
for the costs incurred by a mentor firm in providing assistance to a 
protégé firm. In addition to the benefits available to mentors, 
protégés may receive technical, managerial, financial, or any other 
mutually agreed upon benefit from mentors. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Small Business Vendor Outreach Sessions; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Small Business Vendor Outreach 
Sessions are a series of pre-arranged 15-minute appointments with Small 
Business Specialists from various components of the Homeland Security 
procurement offices. These sessions provide small businesses the 
opportunity to discuss their capabilities and learn of potential 
procurement opportunities. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary: Office of the 
Federal Coordinator for Gulf Coast Rebuilding; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of the Coordinator 
for Gulf Coast Rebuilding was created to help devise a long-term plan 
for rebuilding the region devastated by hurricanes Katrina and Rita. 
One of its initiatives is to provide support for small business 
throughout the region through disaster loans and other relief. The 
overarching mission is to identify the priority of needs for long-term 
rebuilding; communicate those realities to decision makers in 
Washington; and advise the President and senior leadership on 
effective, integrated, and fiscally responsible federal strategies to 
support a full recovery. 

Agency, office, and program: Science and Technology Directorate: Small 
Business Innovation Research program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Innovation 
Research (SBIR) program's principal objectives are to (1) stimulate 
technological innovation by small business; (2) increase small business 
participation in meeting federal research and development needs; (3) 
foster and encourage participation by socially and economically 
disadvantaged small business; (4) increase the commercialization of 
technology development through federal research and development; and 
(5) enhance outreach efforts to ensure that all qualified small 
businesses are aware of the SBIR program and the many benefits it 
provides. 

Agency, office, and program: Science and Technology Directorate: Small 
Business Technology Transfer program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Homeland Security Small 
Business Technology Transfer (STTR) program began in early 2006 to help 
build partnerships among small businesses, universities and research 
institutions for research and development efforts. The program 
encourages the transfer of intellectual concepts and ideas from 
research institutions through the entrepreneurship of small business 
concerns, as part of a larger goal to develop innovative solutions to 
challenging Homeland Security scientific and engineering problems. Due 
to a decline in its extramural research budget for fiscal year 2007, 
Homeland Security does not meet the statutory requirement to have an 
STTR program. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 20: Services Provided by Department of Homeland Security Programs 
by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Mentor-Protégé program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type;
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Small Business Vendor Outreach Sessions; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check];
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary: Office of the Federal 
Coordinator for Gulf Coast Rebuilding; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Science and Technology Directorate: Small Business 
Innovation Research program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 

Agency and program: Science and Technology Directorate: Small Business 
Technology Transfer program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix IX: Housing and Urban Development - Programs that Offer 
Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Service: 

Table 21: Department of Housing and Urban Development Programs That 
Offer Services to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, 
Target Businesses and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Community Planning and 
Development: Community Development Block Grants; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Community Development Block 
Grants support communities' public facilities, infrastructure, housing, 
and economic development activities. Many jurisdictions have used funds 
to make loans or establish revolving loan funds that may help 
manufacturers that need small amounts of capital for improvement 
projects. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Community Planning and 
Development: Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Section 108 Loan Guarantee 
Program assists communities with financing for housing rehabilitation, 
economic development, and large-scale physical development projects 
using Housing and Urban Development funds. These funds enable local 
governments to finance physical and economic development projects too 
large for front-end financing with single-year Community Development 
Block Grant allocations. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Community Planning and 
Development: Brownfields Economic Development Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Brownfields Economic 
Development Initiative (BEDI) is a key competitive grant program that 
Housing and Urban Development administers to stimulate and promote 
economic and community development. BEDI is designed to assist cities 
with the redevelopment of abandoned, idled and underused industrial and 
commercial facilities where expansion and redevelopment is burdened by 
real or potential environmental contamination. BEDI grant funds are 
primarily targeted for use with a particular emphasis upon the 
redevelopment of brownfields sites in economic development projects and 
the increase of economic opportunities for low-and moderate-income 
persons as part of the creation or retention of businesses, jobs and 
increases in the local tax base. BEDI funds are used as the stimulus 
for local governments and private sector parties to commence 
redevelopment or continue phased redevelopment efforts on brownfields 
sites where either potential or actual environmental conditions are 
known and redevelopment plans exist. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Community Planning and 
Development: Disaster Recovery Assistance; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Disaster Assistance Recovery 
Grants are additional Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds to 
rebuild the areas affected by disaster and bring crucial seed money to 
stimulate the recovery process. Depending upon the size of the disaster 
and the amount of CDBG supplemental disaster funds appropriated, 
eligible activities may cover a broad range of community development, 
housing and economic development activities. If Congress appropriates 
funds for this purpose, Housing and Urban Development provides flexible 
grants to help cities, counties, and states recover from presidentially 
declared disasters, especially in low-and moderate-income areas. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Community Planning and 
Development: Rural Housing and Economic Development; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type;
Agency description of program purpose: The Rural Housing and Economic 
Development Program provides for capacity building at the State and 
local level for rural housing and economic development and to support 
innovative housing and economic development activities in rural areas. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Fair Housing and Equal 
Opportunity: Section 3 Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Section 3 is a provision of the 
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Act of 1968, Pub. L. No. 90-448, 82 
Stat. 476 (Aug. 1, 1968), codified at 12 U.S.C. § 1701u, that helps 
foster local economic development, neighborhood economic improvement, 
and individual self-sufficiency. The program is restricted to 
businesses that are 51 percent or more owned by low-or very low-income 
persons or businesses that substantially employ (30 percent or more) 
low-or very low-income persons, regardless of size or type. The Section 
3 program requires that recipients of certain HUD financial assistance, 
to the greatest extent feasible, provide job training, employment, and 
contracting opportunities for low-or very-low income residents in 
connection with projects and activities in their neighborhoods. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Policy Development and Research: 
Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Partnership for Advancing 
Technology in Housing Initiative is a public/private partnership that 
brings together key federal agencies with leaders of the home building, 
product manufacturing, insurance, and financial industries to develop 
and deploy innovative building technologies for the next generation of 
housing. The goal of this initiative is to identify techniques for 
building more affordable durable, disaster resistant, safe, and energy 
efficient housing. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization is responsible for ensuring that 
small businesses are treated fairly and that they have an opportunity 
to compete and be selected for a fair amount of Housing and Urban 
Development's prime and subcontracting opportunities. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 22: Services Provided by Department of Housing and Urban 
Development Programs by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of 
Services: 

Agency and program: Office of Community Planning and Development: 
Community Development Block Grants; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Community Planning and Development: 
Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type;
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Community Planning and Development: 
Brownfields Economic Development Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Community Planning and Development: 
Disaster Recovery Assistance; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check];
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check];
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check].

Agency and program: Office of Community Planning and Development: 
Rural Housing and Economic Development; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity: 
Section 3 Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check].

Agency and program: Office of Policy Development and Research: 
Partnerships for Advancing Technologies in Housing Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix X: Department of the Interior - Programs that Offer Services 
to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 23: Department of the Interior Programs That Offer Services to 
Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, 
and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Bureau of Indian Affairs: Loan Guaranty 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Loan Guarantee program was 
established to stimulate and increase Indian entrepreneurship and 
employment through establishment, acquisition or expansion of Indian-
owned economic enterprises. 

Agency, office, and program: Bureau of Reclamation: Job Corps Civilian 
Conservation Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Job Corps Civilian 
Conservation Centers provides individuals, in addition to other 
training and assistance, programs to gain work experience designed to 
conserve, develop, or manage public natural resources, or public 
recreational areas, or to develop community projects in the public 
interest. The Centers are located primarily in rural areas. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization program strives to improve and 
increase Interior's performance in utilizing small, small 
disadvantaged, HUBZone, women-owned, and veteran-owned businesses as 
contractors and subcontractors. Bureaus in Interior Bureaus in Interior 
collectively spend over $2 billion in contracts with the private 
sector, annually. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Small Disadvantaged Business Program and Section 8(a) 
Business Development Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Disadvantaged Business 
(SDB) Program is designed to treat small companies equitably and help 
them to pursue business in both the private and public sector contract 
arena. Once a business is certified as SDB, it is eligible for specific 
procurement benefits. The Small Business Act Section 8(a) Business 
Development Program allows the government to contract, on a 
noncompetitive basis, with socially and economically disadvantaged 
small businesses. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: HUBZone Empowerment Contracting Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The HUBZone Empowerment 
Contracting program provides federal contracting opportunities for 
qualified small businesses located in distressed areas. The program 
encourages economic development in historically underutilized zones 
(HUBZones) and through the establishment of contract preferences for 
businesses in historically underutilized business zones. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Veteran and Service Disabled Veteran; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Veteran and Service Disabled 
Veteran is designed to assist businesses that are at least 51 percent 
owned by one or more service-disabled veterans or, in the case of 
publicly owned businesses, not less than 51 percent of the stock of 
which is owned by one or more service-disabled veterans, and the 
management and daily business operations of which are controlled by one 
or more service-disabled veterans. In the case of a veteran with a 
permanent and severe disability, a spouse or permanent caregiver of 
such veteran may control the management and daily business operations. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Woman-Owned Small Business; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Woman-Owned Small Business 
program is designed to assist women-owned small businesses pursue 
business in both the public and private contract arena. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 24: Services Provided by Department of the Interior Programs by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Bureau of Indian Affairs: Loan Guaranty Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].

Agency and program: Bureau of Reclamation: Job Corps Civilian 
Conservation Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type;
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Small Disadvantaged Business Program and Section 8(a) 
Business Development Program; 
Target businesses:Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: HUBZone Empowerment Contracting Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Veteran and Service Disabled Veteran; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Woman-Owned Small Business; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix XI: Department of Labor - Programs that Offer Services to 
Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 25: Department of Labor Programs That Offer Services to Small 
Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, and 
Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Employment and Training Administration: 
Dream It. Do It; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Agency description of program purpose: Dream It. Do It is a campaign 
launched by the Manufacturing Institute of the National Association of 
Manufacturers, to help inform young people, their parents, and 
educators of career opportunities in advanced manufacturing. A grant 
from Labor supports the development of tools and partnerships between 
employers, training providers, and local Workforce Investment Boards in 
Kansas City, southwestern Virginia, northeastern Ohio, the Dallas-Fort 
Worth metro area, southeastern Indiana, and Washington State. 

Agency, office, and program: Employment and Training Administration: 
High Growth Job Training Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The High Growth Job Training 
initiative is a strategic effort to prepare workers to take advantage 
of new and increasing job opportunities in 14 high growth, high demand 
and economically vital sectors of the American economy. Grants are 
available to develop and implement numerous industry specific 
solutions. 

Agency, office, and program: Employment and Training Administration: 
Workforce Investment Act; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The federal Workforce Investment 
Act of 1998, Pub. L. No. 105-220, 112 Stat. 936 (Aug. 7, 1998) offers a 
comprehensive range of workforce development activities through 
statewide and local organizations. These activities can benefit job 
seekers, laid off workers, youth, incumbent workers, new entrants to 
the workforce, veterans, persons with disabilities, and employers. The 
purpose of these activities is to improve the employment, job 
retention, earnings, and occupational skills of participants. This, in 
turn, improves the quality of the workforce, reduces welfare 
dependency, and improves the productivity and competitiveness of the 
nation. Businesses play an active role in ensuring that the system 
prepares people for current and future jobs. 

Agency, office, and program: Employment and Training Administration: 
Project GATE - Growing America Through Entrepreneurship; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Project GATE promotes individual 
entrepreneurship, seeks to energize local small business creation and 
help diverse urban and rural populations create, and support and expand 
small businesses. Labor teams with the Small Business Administration 
through a microloan program that is offered to small start-up 
companies. Labor provides microenterprise training and assistance in 
One-Stop Centers. 

Agency, office, and program: Employment and Training Administration: 
Apprenticeship Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Apprenticeship Program is a 
voluntary, industry-driven initiative sponsored by employer and labor 
groups. The federal government encourages and promotes the 
establishment of apprenticeship programs and to provide technical 
assistance to program sponsors. 

Agency, office, and program: Occupational Safety & Health 
Administration: Compliance Assistance Quick Start; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Small and new businesses may 
find the Compliance Assistance Quick Start Web site useful as an 
introduction to compliance assistance available on Occupational Safety 
& Health Administration's (OSHA) Web site. It offers a step-by-step 
guide to identify many of the major OSHA requirements and guidance. 

Agency, office, and program: Occupational Safety & Health 
Administration: Consultation Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Occupational Safety & Health 
Administration's On-site Consultation Program provides services to help 
employers, particularly small businesses, identify and correct hazards 
at their worksites, and establish, maintain, or enhance their safety 
and health management system. 

Agency, office, and program: Occupational Safety & Health 
Administration: Small Business Handbook; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Occupational Safety & Health 
Administration's Small Business Handbook helps small business employers 
meet the legal requirements imposed by the Occupational Safety and 
Health Act of 1970, Pub. L. No. 91-596, 84 Stat. 1590 (Dec. 29, 1970), 
and create and maintain effective safety and health management systems. 

Agency, office, and program: Occupational Safety & Health 
Administration: Training Institute and Training Education Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Occupational Safety & Health 
Administration's Training Institute and Training Education Centers 
provide basic and advanced courses in safety and health at locations 
throughout the country. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small Business Programs: Small 
Business Resource Center; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Resource 
Center is a Web site designed to assist small business owners 
understand the rules and regulations that Labor administers. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small Business Programs: 
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization seeks to increase opportunities for 
small businesses to participate in the agency's contract and grant 
activities; conduct outreach to increase awareness and availability of 
qualified providers; develop and issue information on Labor's 
procurement needs and procedures; train agency staff on program 
requirements and capabilities; and monitor, evaluate, and report 
results of the agency's efforts. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small Business Programs: Small 
Business Vendor Outreach Sessions; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Small Business Vendor Outreach 
Sessions offer small businesses the opportunity to market their 
capabilities directly to Office of Small Business Programs and agency 
program officials and learn about potential Labor procurement 
opportunities. Conversely, Labor procurement officials can learn more 
about the diverse small business resources available to meet their 
procurement needs. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small Business Programs: Small 
Business Procurement Power Page; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Procurement 
Power Web site is designed to assist small businesses interested in 
procurement opportunities with Labor. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary: Job Corps; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Job Corps is a no-cost education 
and vocational training program that helps young people ages 16 through 
24 get a better job, make more money, and take control of their lives. 
Students enroll to learn a trade, earn a high school diploma or General 
Education Development certificate, and get help finding a good job. 
Students are paid a monthly allowance that increases the longer they 
stay with the program. Job Corps provides career counseling and 
transition support to its students for up to 12 months after they 
graduate from the program. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 26: Services Provided by Department of Labor Programs by Agency, 
Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Employee Benefits Security Administration: 
Compliance Assistance; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Employment and Training Administration: Dream It. 
Do It; 
Target businesses: Any business engaged in manufacturing, regardless of 
size; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Employment and Training Administration: High Growth 
Job Training Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Employment and Training Administration: Workforce 
Investment Act; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Employment and Training Administration: Project 
Gate-Growing America Through Entrepreneurship; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Employment and Training Administration: 
Apprenticeship Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Occupational Safety & Health Administration: 
Compliance Assistance Quick Start; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Occupational Safety & Health Administration:
Consultation Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Occupational Safety & Health Administration: Small 
Business Handbook; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Occupational Safety & Health Administration: 
Training Institute and Training Education Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small Business Programs: Small Business 
Resource Center; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small Business Programs: Office of Small 
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type;
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small Business Programs: Small Business 
Vendor Outreach Sessions; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small Business Programs: Small Business 
Procurement Power Page; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary: Job Corps; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix XII: Department of Transportation-Programs that Offer Services 
to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 27: Department of Transportation Programs That Offer Services to 
Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, 
and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Federal Aviation Administration: Small 
Business Development Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Development 
Office develops and implements programs that help small businesses, 
including small businesses owned and controlled by socially and 
economically disadvantaged individuals, obtain procurement 
opportunities with the Federal Aviation Administration. 

Agency, office, and program: Federal Highway Administration: 
International Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of International 
Programs in cooperation with the Affiliate Programs Team coordinates 
and arranges for international training and professional development 
activities. These activities inform the U.S. transportation community 
of technological and innovative programs abroad, promote U.S. 
transportation expertise internationally, and increase technology 
sharing between the U.S. and the international community. 

Agency, office, and program: Maritime Administration: National Maritime 
Resource and Education Center; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Maritime Administration 
(MARAD) established the National Maritime Resource and Education Center 
(NMREC) in April 1994 to help improve the international competitiveness 
of the U.S. shipbuilders, ship repairers, ship owner/operators and 
marine suppliers. NMREC's services include: 1) conferences and 
workshops; 2) energy technologies information; 3) MARAD guideline 
specifications for merchant ship construction; 4) marine industry 
standards library; 5) standards organizations and information; and 6) 
Title XI information. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary, Office of Small 
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Subcontracting Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Transportation's Office of Small 
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU), works closely with the 
Small Business Administration (SBA) and its Procurement Center 
Representative (PCR) to coordinate policy direction and develop new 
initiatives on subcontracting issues. A substantial amount of 
Transportation subcontracting opportunities are awarded to small 
businesses. To maintain a strong subcontracting program, OSDBU, in 
conjunction with the SBA/PCR evaluate, review, and make recommendations 
on subcontracting plans. OSDBU also helps large prime contractors in 
identifying potential small businesses (including veteran-owned, 
service-disabled veteran-owned, HUBZone, disadvantaged, and women- 
owned businesses) to help attain subcontracting goals. Prime 
contractors report their achievements annually and semi-annually using 
an electronic subcontracting reporting system at Esrs.gov. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary, Office of Small 
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Small Business Transportation 
Resource Centers; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Small Business Transportation 
Resource Centers: 1) disseminate information to small and disadvantaged 
businesses on business opportunities in Transportation-direct and 
Transportation-funded activities; 2) carry out market research, and 
business analyses, to identify the training and technical assistance 
needs of small businesses to help them become better prepared to 
compete for and receive transportation-related contracts; 3) design and 
carry out training and technical assistance programs to encourage, 
promote, and help minority entrepreneurs and businesses in obtain 
contracts, subcontracts, and projects related to business opportunities 
in Transportation-direct and Transportation-funded activities; 4) 
develop support mechanisms to help minority entrepreneurs and 
businesses take advantage of those business opportunities; 5) assist 
minority entrepreneurs and businesses by identifying opportunities for 
obtaining investment capital and debt financing, including 
Transportation's Short Term Lending Program; 6) participate in and 
cooperate with federal and other programs designed to provide financial 
management and other forms of support and assistance to minority 
entrepreneurs and businesses; and 7) conduct outreach and disseminate 
information to small and disadvantaged business across the nation at 
local, regional and national transportation and business related 
conferences, seminars and workshops. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary, Office of Small 
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Disadvantaged Business 
Enterprise Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Disadvantaged Business 
Enterprise Program is designed to encourage, promote and assist 
minority and women entrepreneurs and businesses to obtain training and 
technical assistance services. State Departments of Highways and 
Transportation receive supportive services funds from Transportation to 
provide in- house supportive services or hire consultants to provide 
supportive services for disadvantages business enterprises. These 
supportive services help disadvantages business enterprises compete in 
winning contracts. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary, Office of Small 
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Short Term Lending Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Short Term Lending Program 
provides loan guarantees to enhance the lending opportunities for 
disadvantaged business enterprises and other small and disadvantaged 
businesses to increase the number of such businesses that engage in 
transportation- related contracts and to strengthen the competitive and 
productive capabilities of such businesses that currently do business 
with Transportation, and its grantees, recipients, contractors and 
subcontractors. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary, Office of Small 
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Women Procurement Assistance 
Committee; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Federal Aviation Administration: 
The Women's Procurement Assistance Committee (WPAC), managed by 
Transportation's Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization 
(OSDBU), consists of at least one representative from each 
Transportation Operating Administration. The purpose of the OSDBU WPAC 
is to promote, coordinate, and monitor the plans and programs towards 
achievement of the five percent procurement goals in its direct 
contracting activities. The Committee works to provide forums, 
workshops and best practices in order to contribute to the growth and 
economic development of women. In addition, the Committee seeks to 
enhance awareness of women-owned businesses and ensure full 
participation in the Transportation procurement process. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary, Office of Small 
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU) ensures that small and 
disadvantaged business policies and goals are developed and implemented 
in a fair, efficient, and effective manner to serve small and 
disadvantaged businesses. To achieve this goal OSDBU provides services 
through the Procurement Assistance Division, the Short Term Lending 
Program, and Regional Small Business Transportation Resource Centers. 
In addition, OSDBU organizes, co-sponsors, and participates in local, 
regional, and national outreach events. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Secretary, Office of Small 
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization: National Information 
Clearinghouse; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The National Information 
Clearinghouse (NIC) serves as a central point of contact for the 
dissemination of program and procurement information, procurement 
forecasts, forms, data, public laws, orders, and other similar 
information of interest to the small business community. NIC customer 
service representatives respond to inquiries and questions received 
through a dedicated toll-free number, by written correspondence, or by 
e-mail in the feedback section of the Office of Small and Disadvantaged 
Business Utilization Web site. 

Agency, office, and program: Research and Innovative Technology 
Administration: Small Business Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Innovation 
Research Program (SBIR) is designed to stimulate technological 
innovation, utilize small business to meet federal research and 
development needs, and increase private sector commercialization. SBIR 
is a highly competitive program that encourages small business to 
explore their technological potential and provides the incentive to 
profit from its commercialization. By including qualified small 
businesses in the nation's research and development arena, high-tech 
innovation is stimulated and the United States gains entrepreneurial 
spirit as it meets its specific research and development needs. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 28: Services Provided by Department of Transportation Programs by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Federal Aviation Administration: Small Business 
Development Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Federal Highway Administration: International 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Maritime Administration: National Maritime Resource 
and Education Center; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary, Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Subcontracting Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary, Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Small Business Transportation 
Resource Centers; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary, Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Disadvantaged Business Enterprise 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary, Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Short Term Lending Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary, Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Women Procurement Assistance 
Committee; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary, Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization: Office of Small and Disadvantaged 
Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Secretary, Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization: National Information Clearinghouse; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Research and Innovative Technology Administration: 
Small Business Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix XIII: Department of Veterans Affairs - Programs that Offer 
Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 29: Department of Veterans Affairs Programs That Offer Services 
to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target 
Businesses, and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization at Veterans Affairs advocates to 
maximize participation of small, small disadvantaged, veteran-owned, 
women-owned, and empowerment zone businesses in contracts awarded by 
Veterans Affairs and in subcontracts which are awarded by Veterans 
Affairs' prime contractors. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Historically Underutilized Business Zones Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Historically Underutilized 
Business Zones Program provides federal contracting assistance for 
qualified small businesses in historically underutilized business zones 
to: increase employment opportunities, stimulate capital investment in 
those areas, and help communities leverage and reinvest their wages and 
taxes within the community. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Women-Owned Small Business Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Women-Owned Small Business 
Program directs acquisition officials to facilitate, preserve, and 
strengthen women's business enterprises and to ensure full 
participation by women in the free enterprise system by awarding prime 
contracts and subcontracts to women-owned businesses and by providing 
counseling to such businesses. The Office of Small and Disadvantaged 
Business Utilization is responsible for negotiating annual goals with 
Veteran Affairs acquisition officials to increase federal prime 
contracts with women-owned small businesses. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Small Business Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Program 
implements the requirements to aid, counsel, assist, and protect the 
interests of small businesses to ensure that they account for a fair 
proportion of Veterans Affairs' total purchases, contracts, and 
subcontracts for property and services. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Section 8(a) Business Development Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Act Section 
8(a) Business Development Program was created to help small 
disadvantaged businesses compete in the American economy through 
business development and access to the federal procurement market. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Small Disadvantaged Business Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Disadvantaged Business 
Program is responsible for the award of contracts to small business 
concerns owned and controlled by socially and economically 
disadvantaged individuals and encouraging greater economic opportunity 
for minority entrepreneurs. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Veteran-Owned and Operated Small Business Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Veteran-Owned and Operated 
Small Business program identifies small businesses for inclusion 
Veterans Affairs' existing acquisition programs; although it is not 
authorized to set aside contracts for veterans. Veterans Affairs is the 
only agency which sets a goal and tracks participation of veteran-owned 
small businesses. Beginning in 2007, it will place a greater emphasis 
on such businesses. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Service Disabled Veteran Owned and Operated Small Business 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Under the authority granted in 
section 308 of the Veterans Benefits Act of 2003, Pub. L. 108-183, 
Stat. 2651, 2662 (Dec. 16, 2003) Veterans Affairs is authorized to set 
aside contracts and/or award sole source contracts for service-disabled 
veterans. Veterans Affairs' goal for participation in procurement by 
service-disabled veterans is 3 percent. Beginning in 2007, it will 
place a greater emphasis on such businesses. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Subcontracting Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Veterans Affairs' subcontracting 
program promotes the involvement of small businesses at the subcontract 
level. Recognizing that small firms often do not have the capability to 
perform as a prime contractor on certain large contracts, Veterans 
Affairs requires that any contractor receiving a contract for more than 
$10,000 to agree that small business concerns have the maximum 
practicable opportunity to participate in contracts that Veterans 
Affairs has awarded. Furthermore, all prime contracts for construction 
that exceed $1,000,000 and all other types of contracts that exceed 
$500,000 that are not awarded to small businesses and that offer 
subcontracting opportunities, must contain a subcontracting plan that 
includes percentage goals for participation by small businesses, small 
disadvantaged businesses, and women owned small businesses. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Center for Veterans Enterprise; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Center for Veterans 
Enterprise is a Web site that assists veterans in starting and building 
businesses. The Web site serves as the federal government's portal for 
veteran-owned businesses known as VETBIZ.gov. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 30: Services Provided by Department of Veterans Affairs Programs 
by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Historically Underutilized Business Zones Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Women-Owned Small Business Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Small Business Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Section 8(a) Business Development Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Small Disadvantaged Business Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Veteran-Owned and Operated Small Business Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Service Disabled Veteran Owned and Operated Small Business 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Subcontracting Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Center for Veterans Enterprise; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type;
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix XIV: Environmental Protection Agency - Programs that Offer 
Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 31: Environmental Protection Agency Programs That Offer Services 
to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target 
Businesses, and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Acquisition Management: Mentor-
Protégé Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The purpose of the Mentor-
Protégé Program is meant to stimulate and impact the number of small 
disadvantaged businesses and women-owned businesses engaged in 
Environmental Protection Agency contracts. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Enforcement and Compliance 
Assurance: Compliance Assistance Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Environmental Protection 
Agency, working with industry, academic institutions, environmental 
groups, and other agencies, sponsors Compliance Assistance Centers that 
address the requirements of specific sectors. Each Web-based Center 
provides businesses, local governments, and federal facilities with 
information and guidance on environmental requirements and ways to save 
money through pollution prevention techniques. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Policy, Economics, and 
Innovation: National Environmental Performance Track; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The National Environmental 
Performance Track is a voluntary partnership program that recognizes 
and rewards facilities that consistently exceed regulatory 
requirements, work closely with their communities, and excel in 
protecting the environment and public health. The Environmental 
Protection Agency provides exclusive regulatory and administrative 
benefits to Performance Track members, places them at low priority for 
routine inspections, and offers public recognition, networking 
opportunities, and other benefits. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Policy, Economics, and 
Innovation: Sector Strategies Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Sector Strategies Program 
seeks to improve performance and reduce burdens in 13 important 
business sectors by addressing their unique issues and challenges in a 
collaborative setting. Through informal dialogue, stakeholder teams 
design tailored strategies to improve environmental performance and 
reduce regulatory burden. Sector strategies may include targeted 
regulatory changes, sector-based environmental management system 
programs, and easier links to assistance services. Currently, the 
program services the following manufacturing sectors: Agribusiness; 
Cement Manufacturing; Iron and Steel; Metal Casting; Metal Finishing; 
Oil and Gas Exploration and Refining; Paint and Coatings; Ports; 
Shipbuilding and Ship Repair; and Specialty-Batch Chemicals. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics: 
Design for the Environment program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The purpose of the Design for 
Environment (DfE) program is to work in partnership with a broad range 
of stakeholders to reduce risk to people and the environment by 
preventing pollution. DfE focuses on industries that combine the 
potential for chemical risk reduction with a strong motivation to make 
lasting, positive changes. DfE convenes partners, including industry 
representatives and environmental groups to develop goals and guide the 
work of the partnership. Partnerships evaluate the human health and 
environmental considerations, performance, and cost of traditional and 
alternative technologies, materials and processes. As incentives ford 
participation and change DfE offers unique technical tools, 
methodologies, and expertise. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Research and Development: 
Federal Technology Transfer Act program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Through the Federal Technology 
Transfer Act program, federal agencies conduct joint research with non- 
federal partners and protect intellectual property that may be 
developed. Program partners benefit from cooperative research and 
development agreements by tapping into EPA's resources and knowledge 
base to conduct joint research and technology commercialization. The 
program is conducted in accordance with the Federal Technology Transfer 
Act of 1986 and preceding legislation. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Research and Development:
Environmental Technology Verification program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The goal of the Environmental 
Technology Verification (ETV) program, a public-private partnership, is 
to provide credible performance data for commercial- ready 
environmental technologies to speed their implementation for the 
benefit of vendors, purchasers, permitters, and the public. The ETV 
program develops testing protocols and verifies the performance of 
innovative technologies with the potential to improve protection of 
human health and the environment. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Research and Development:
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Superfund Innovative 
Technology Evaluation (SITE) program was established to address the 
need for an alternative or innovative hazardous waste treatment 
technology research and demonstration program. The SITE Demonstration 
Program encourages the development and implementation of innovative 
treatment technologies for hazardous waste site remediation and 
monitoring and measurement. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Research and Development: Small 
Business Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Environmental Protection 
Agency (EPA) is one of 11 federal agencies that participate in the 
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program established by the 
Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982, Pub. L. No. 97-219, 
96 Stat. 217 (July 22, 1982). The purpose of this Act was to strengthen 
the role of small businesses in federally funded research and 
development and help develop a stronger national base for technical 
innovation. EPA issues annual solicitations for Phase I and Phase II 
research proposals from science and technology-based firms. Through a 
phased approach to SBIR funding, EPA can determine whether the research 
idea, often on high-risk advanced concepts, is technically feasible, 
whether the firm can do high-quality research, and whether sufficient 
progress has been made to justify a larger Phase II effort. Phase II 
contracts are limited to small businesses that have successfully 
completed their Phase I contracts. The objective of Phase II is to 
commercialize the Phase I technology. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The purpose of the Office of 
Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU) is to stimulate 
and improve the involvement of small businesses and socially and 
economically disadvantaged small businesses in the overall EPA 
procurement process. OSDBU monitors and evaluates EPA's performance in 
achieving the Agency's contracting and subcontracting goals, and 
recommends the assignment of the Small Business Representatives from 
the Small Business Administration (SBA), who carries out SBA's 
procurement oversight duties pursuant to applicable laws and mandates. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Small Business Ombudsman; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The purpose of the Small 
Business Ombudsman is to serve as a conduit for small business to 
access Environmental Protection Agency and facilitates communications 
between the small business community and the agency. The office reviews 
and resolves disputes between small businesses and the Environmental 
Protection Agency and works with Environmental Protection Agency 
personnel to increase their understanding of small businesses in the 
development and enforcement of environmental regulations. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Small Business Environmental Assistance Programs; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Clean Air Act Amendments of 
1990, Pub. L. No. 101-549, 104 Stat. 2399 (Nov. 15, 1990), required 
that all states develop a program to assist small businesses in meeting 
the requirements of the Act. Such assistance includes, but is not 
necessarily limited to, adequate mechanisms to assist small businesses 
with compliance assistance, pollution prevention and accidental release 
detection and prevention, permit assistance and obligations. Section 
507 of the Clean Air Act discusses specifics of the Small Business 
Assistance Program (SBAP). The SBAP is non-regulatory in nature and all 
services are confidential and free of charge. The SBAP is divided in to 
three major components: the Compliance Advisory Panel, the Ombudsman, 
and the Assistance Program. Due to geography, demographics and the 
unique environmental issues in each state, the structure of each 
program may vary. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Solid Waste: Waste Wise program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: WasteWise is a free, voluntary 
partnership program through which organizations eliminate costly 
municipal solid waste and select industrial wastes, benefiting their 
bottom line and the environment. WasteWise is a flexible program that 
allows partners to design their own waste reduction programs tailored 
to their needs. Large and small businesses from any industry sector may 
participate. Institutions, such as hospitals and universities, non-
profits, and other organizations, as well as state, local and tribal 
governments, may also participate. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 32: Services Provided by Environmental Protection Agency Programs 
by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Office of Acquisition Management: Mentor-Protégé 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Policy, Economics, and Innovation: 
National Environmental Performance Track; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Policy, Economics, and Innovation: Sector 
Strategies Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics: Design 
for the Environment program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Research and Development: Federal 
Technology Transfer Act program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Research and Development: Environmental 
Technology Verification program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Research and Development: Superfund 
Innovative Technology Evaluation program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Research and Development: Small Business 
Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Small Business Ombudsman; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization: Small Business Environmental Assistance Programs; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Solid Waste: Waste Wise program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix XV: Export-Import Bank - Programs that Offer Services to Small 
Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 33: Export-Import Bank Programs That Offer Services to Small 
Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, and 
Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Export Finance: Small Business Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Export-Import Bank of the 
United States (Ex-Im Bank) is the official export credit agency of the 
United States. Ex-Im Bank's mission is to assist in financing the 
export of U.S. goods and services to international markets. Ex-Im Bank 
estimates that about 85 percent of its transactions support small 
businesses. Small businesses can access all Ex-Im Bank products, 
including specialized small business financing tools such as working 
capital guarantees and export credit insurance. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 34: Services Provided by Export-Import Bank Programs by Agency, 
Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Export Finance: Small Business Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix XVI: National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Programs 
that Offer Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 35: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Programs That 
Offer Services to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, 
Target Businesses, and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Goddard Space Flight Center: Manufacturing 
Technology Transfer Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Goddard Space Flight Center 
and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, both within the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration, are the training centers for technical 
training courses in the fabrication, assembly and inspection of flight 
and ground support equipment. 

Agency, office, and program: Innovative Partnerships Program Office: 
Regional Technology Transfer Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Regional Technology Transfer 
Centers expedite technology transfer and spur economic development. The 
program divides the nation into six regions and relies on a network 
within each region to provide direct and timely services to companies 
and other institutions nationwide. The cooperative agreements covering 
these Centers expired at the end of 2006. Services will be offered 
through an outside contractor beginning in March 2007. 

Agency, office, and program: Innovative Partnerships Program Office: 
Innovative Partnerships Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Innovative Partnerships 
Program fosters technology partnerships, commercialization and 
innovation in support of the agency's overall mission and national 
priorities. 

Agency, office, and program: Innovative Partnerships Program Office: 
Office of Technology Transfer; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Innovative Partnerships 
Program includes the Office of Technology Transfer, which has a mission 
to (1) facilitate the transfer of technology developed by the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration and for which the agency has title 
to the private sector for commercial application and other benefits to 
the nation; (2) facilitate partnerships with the private sector and 
other external entities to jointly develop technology with both defense 
and civilian uses and infuse such technology into the agency's 
missions; and (3) protect the government's rights in its inventions. 

Agency, office, and program: Innovative Partnerships Program Office: 
Tech Briefs; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Tech Briefs provides on a 
monthly basis any technologies releasable for dissemination to the 
public resulting from research funded by the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration (NASA). It is not restricted to commercially 
significant technologies. Tech Briefs are typically cutting edge 
reports on research and emerging technologies. Until fiscal year 2007 
NASA funded the publication under a cooperative agreement. 

Agency, office, and program: Innovative Partnerships Program Office: 
Enterprise Engine; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Enterprise Engine program 
created a venture capital fund to provide the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration with earlier and broader exposure to emerging 
technologies and to leverage external venture capital to develop 
products likely to support the agency's mission. Effective fiscal year 
2007 the program was terminated. 

Agency, office, and program: Innovative Partnerships Program Office: 
Small Business Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Innovation 
Research (SBIR) program funds research by small businesses to meet many 
of the agency's research and development requirements. The SBIR program 
was established in 1982 to provide small businesses with increased 
federal research and development opportunities. 

Agency, office, and program: Innovative Partnerships Program Office: 
Small Business Technology Transfer Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Modeled after the Small Business 
Innovation Research program, the Small Business Technology Transfer 
program is aimed specifically at technology transfer. The goal is to 
translate basic research into economic advantage by advancing 
productivity growth and international economic competitiveness. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Procurement: NASA Acquisition 
Internet Service; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The NASA Acquisition Internet 
Service (NAIS) is a Web site, from which industry has immediate access 
to current acquisition information over the Internet. Users may 
subscribe to receive email notifications on acquisitions of interest. 
NAIS is a feeder system for Federal E-Gov Systems like the Federal 
Business Opportunities. NAIS provides industry links to reference such 
information as regulations, provisions, handbooks and guidance. NAIS 
also provides industry with a center location to find each NASA field 
Center's procurement home page. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small Business Programs: 
Mentor Protégé Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Mentor Protégé Program is 
designed to provide incentive to the agency's major prime contractors 
to assist small disadvantaged business concerns, Historically Black 
Colleges and Universities), minority institutions, and women-owned 
small businesses in expanding their technical capabilities into high 
technology areas where such firms are currently under-represented. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Small Business Programs: Small 
Business Programs; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Office of Small Business 
Programs is responsible for integrating all categories of small 
businesses (small businesses, small disadvantaged businesses, woman-
owned small businesses, veteran-and service-disabled veteran-owned 
small businesses, Historically Underutilized Business Zone (HUB Zone) 
small businesses, and minority- serving institutions) into the 
competitive base of contractors from which the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration and its various centers regularly purchase goods 
and services. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of the Administrator: TechFinder; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: TechFinder is a resource that 
enables commercial and private users to perform simple or advanced 
searches or request more detailed information for technology 
opportunities, licensing opportunities, past success stories, and 
featured technologies leads. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 36: Services Provided by National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Programs by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of 
Services: 

Agency and program: Goddard Space Flight Center: Manufacturing 
Technology Transfer Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Innovative Partnerships Program Office: Regional 
Technology Transfer Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Innovative Partnerships Program Office: 
Innovative Partnerships Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Innovative Partnerships Program Office: Office of 
Technology Transfer; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Innovative Partnerships Program Office: Tech 
Briefs; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Innovative Partnerships Program Office: Enterprise 
Engine; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Innovative Partnerships Program Office: Small 
Business Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Innovative Partnerships Program Office: Small 
Business Technology Transfer Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Office of Procurement: NASA Acquisition Internet 
Service; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small Business Programs: Mentor Protégé 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type;
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Small Business Programs: Office of Small 
and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of the Administrator: TechFinder; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type;
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix XVII: National Science Foundation - Programs that Offer 
Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 37: National Science Foundation Programs That Offer Services to 
Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, 
and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Division of Engineering Education and 
Centers: Engineering Research Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Engineering Research Centers 
(ERC) focus on the definition, fundamental understanding, development, 
and validation of the technologies needed to realize a well-defined 
class of engineered systems with the potential to spawn whole new 
industries or radically transform the product lines, processing 
technologies, or service delivery methodologies of current industries. 
ERC faculty, students and industry partners integrate discovery and 
learning in an interdisciplinary environment that reflects the 
complexities and realities of real-world technology. ERC innovations in 
research and education are expected to impact curricula at all levels 
from pre-college to life-long learning and to be disseminated to and 
beyond academic and industry partners. This partnership speeds the 
transfer of knowledge and technology to industry. 

Agency, office, and program: Division of Industrial Innovation and 
Partnerships: Small Business Technology Transfer Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The primary objective of the 
National Science Foundation's Small Business Innovation Research/Small 
Business Technology Transfer Program (STTR) increases the incentives 
and opportunities for small firms to undertake cutting-edge, high risk, 
high quality scientific engineering, or science and engineering 
education research with the potential for a high economic payoff. The 
STTR program further expands the public/ private partnership to include 
joint venture opportunities for small businesses and non-profit 
research institutions. 

Agency, office, and program: Division of Industrial Innovation and 
Partnerships: Small Business Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Innovation 
Research (SBIR) Program was established to stimulate technological 
innovation, utilize small business to meet federal research and 
development needs, and increase private sector commercialization. SBIR 
is a highly competitive program that encourages small business to 
explore their technological potential and provides the incentive to 
profit from its commercialization. By including qualified small 
businesses in the nation's research and development arena, high-tech 
innovation is stimulated and the United States gains entrepreneurial 
spirit as it meets its specific research and development needs. In 
response to Executive Order 13,329 encouraging innovation in 
Manufacturing, the SBIR program has incorporated manufacturing as a key 
part of its Advanced Materials, Chemical Technology and Manufacturing 
Innovation topic. 

Agency, office, and program: Division of Industrial Innovation and 
Partnerships: Industry-University Cooperative Research Centers Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Industry/University 
Cooperative Research Centers (I/URC) Program develops long-term 
partnerships among industry, academic institutions, and government for 
technology development, but not deployment. The centers are catalyzed 
by a small investment from National Science Foundation (NSF) and are 
primarily supported by industry center members, with NSF taking a 
supporting role in their development and evolution. Each center is 
established to conduct research that is of interest to both the 
industry and the center. The partnerships feature high-quality, 
industrially relevant fundamental research, strong industrial support 
of and collaboration in research, and direct transfer of university 
developed ideas, research results, and technology to U.S. industry to 
improve its competitive posture in world markets. All the companies 
will be eligible to become a member of the Centers starting in the fall 
of 2007. NSF can partially subsidize membership for Small Business 
Innovation Research awardee firms. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 38: Services Provided by National Science Foundation Programs by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Division of Engineering Education and Centers: 
Engineering Research Centers; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Division of Industrial Innovation and Partnerships: 
Small Business Technology Transfer Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Division of Industrial Innovation and Partnerships: 
Small Business Innovation Research Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Industrial Innovation and Partnerships: 
Industry-University Cooperative Research Centers Program; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix XVIII: Small Business Administration - Programs that Offer 
Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 39: Small Business Administration Programs That Offer Services to 
Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target Businesses, 
and Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: Pollution 
Control Loan Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Pollution Control Loans 
program is designed to provide financing to eligible small businesses 
for the planning, design, or installation of a pollution control 
facility. This facility must prevent, reduce, abate or control any form 
of pollution, including recycling. The loans are Small Business Act 
Section 7(a) loans with a special purpose of pollution control. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: Qualified 
Employee Trusts Loan Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Qualified Employee Trusts 
Loan Program is designed to provide financial assistance to employee 
stock ownership plans. The employee trust must be part of a plan 
sponsored by the employer company and qualified under regulations set 
by either the Internal Revenue Service Code (as an Employee Stock 
Ownership Plan or ESOP) or the Department of Labor (the Employee 
Retirement Income Security Act or ERISA). 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: Section 7(a) 
Loan Guarantees; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Section 7(a) Loan Guarantees 
help creditworthy small businesses, including manufacturers, meet 
financing needs when dealing with commercial bankers. These firms are 
often denied conventional financing because the loans they seek are too 
small for private banks to pursue or because they need loans for a 
longer period of time than a lender is willing to accept. This is the 
Small Business Administration's most flexible business loan, and can be 
used for a variety of general business purposes including working 
capital machinery and equipment, furniture and fixtures, land and 
building, leasehold improvements, and debt refinancing (under special 
conditions). 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: U.S. Community 
Adjustment and Investment Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The U.S. Community Adjustment 
and Investment Program was established to assist U.S. companies that 
are doing business in areas of the country that have been negatively 
affected by North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) based on job 
losses and the unemployment rate. Funds administered by Treasury allow 
for the payment of fees on eligible loans. These fees include the 
Section 7(a) program guarantee fee (and subsidy) and the Section 504 
Certified Development Company (CDC) Program guarantee, CDC and lender 
fees. This reduces borrower costs and increases the availability of 
these business assistance programs. Eligibility is limited to 
businesses that reside in one of the more than 230 counties in 29 
states that are currently designated as negatively affected by NATA. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: Export Legal 
Assistance Network; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Export Legal Assistance 
Network offers free initial consultations with international trade 
attorneys from the Federal Bar Association to small businesses 
interested in exporting. Attorneys help businesses navigate 
international legal issues, such as patents, copyrights, and 
trademarks; help clients understand basic contractual, tax and 
regulatory requirements; provide an indication of priorities among 
them; and give businesses basic information on programs at other 
institutions that may be able to help, such as international 
departments of near-by banks, freight forwarders, insurance companies 
with international experience, and other government programs. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: Export Working 
Capital Loan Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Export Working Capital 
Program is a line of credit for financing foreign accounts receivable 
and export inventory. It is a transaction-based program and can be 
revolving or non-revolving. The Small Business Administration provides 
a 90 percent guarantee to the lender. Recipients are usually businesses 
that have been operating for at least 12 months prior to the 
application. Proceeds can be used to finance materials and labor needed 
to manufacture or to purchase goods and services for sale in foreign 
markets. Funds cannot be used to purchase long term fixed assets. Loans 
are generally for 12 or fewer months, but can be reissued for 
additional 12-month periods. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: International 
Trade Loan; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: International Trade Loans help 
small businesses engaged in exporting, preparing to engage in 
exporting, or adversely affected by competition from imports. Small 
Business Administration guarantees as much as $1.25 million in combined 
working-capital and facilities and equipment loans. Proceeds can be 
used for fixed assets or working capital. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: SBA Export 
Express; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Export Express provides 
loans to assist small businesses in developing or expanding export 
markets. Eligible use of proceeds include: 1) financing export-
development activities such as participation in a foreign trade show or 
translation of product literature, 2) transaction-specific financing 
for overseas orders, 3) revolving lines of credit for export purposes, 
4) acquiring, constructing, renovating, improving or expanding 
facilities or equipment used in the U.S. to produce goods or services 
for export. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: U.S. Export 
Assistance Centers; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: U.S. Export Assistance Centers 
are multi-federal agency offices that provide marketing, product 
assistance and financial assistance to small-and medium-size U.S. 
businesses that would like to export. Twenty centers are nationwide. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: Surety Guarantee 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Through the Surety Guarantee 
program, the Small Business Administration (SBA) can guarantee bonds 
for contracts up to $2 million, covering bid, performance and payment 
bonds for small and emerging contractors who cannot obtain surety bonds 
through regular commercial channels. SBA's guarantee gives sureties an 
incentive to provide bonding for eligible contractors, and thereby 
strengthens a contractor's ability to obtain bonding and greater access 
to contracting opportunities. A surety guarantee, an agreement between 
a surety and the SBA, provides that SBA will assume a predetermined 
percentage of loss in the event the contractor should breach the terms 
of the contract. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: Small Business 
Investment Companies; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Small Business Investment 
Companies (SBIC) are privately owned and managed investment firms that 
provide venture capital and startup financing to new and already 
established small businesses to ensure they have access to long-term 
financing and venture capital they need to maintain and expand their 
operations. Small Business Administration (SBA) licenses and regulates 
the SBICs, and supports them with government backed funds that are 
invested in small enterprises. SBICs are profit-motivated; they use 
their own capital and with funds borrowed at favorable rates through 
the federal government to invest in small businesses in exchange for a 
share in the success of the small business if it grows and prospers. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: CAPlines Loan 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 

Agency description of program purpose: CAPlines is a loan umbrella 
program that provides short-term and cyclical working-capital needs. 
There are five short-term working capital loan programs for small 
businesses under this program: Seasonal Line; Contract Line; Builders 
Line; Standard Asset-based Line, and; Small Asset-Based Line. This is a 
Section 7(a) program. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: Certified 
Development Company Guaranteed Loans (Section 504); 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Certified Development 
Company Guaranteed Loans (Section 504) loans are long-term financing 
tools for economic development within a community. The Section 504 
program provides growing businesses with long-term, fixed-rate 
financing for major fixed assets, such as land and buildings. A 
Certified Development Company (CDC) is a nonprofit corporation set up 
to contribute to the economic development of its community. CDCs work 
with the Small Business Administration (SBA) and private-sector lenders 
to provide financing to small businesses. The maximum SBA debenture is 
$1,500,000 when meeting the job creation criteria or a community 
development goal. Generally, a business must create or retain one job 
for every $50,000 provided by the SBA except for "Small Manufacturers" 
which have a $100,000 job creation or retention goal (see below).The 
maximum SBA debenture is $2.0 million when meeting a public policy 
goal. Proceeds from 504 loans must be used for fixed asset projects 
such as: purchasing land and improvements, including existing 
buildings, grading, street improvements, utilities, parking lots and 
landscaping; construction of new facilities, or modernizing, renovating 
or converting existing facilities; or purchasing long-term machinery 
and equipment. The Section 504 Program cannot be used for working 
capital or inventory, consolidating or repaying debt, or refinancing. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: Defense Loan and 
Technical Assistance Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Defense Loan and Technical 
Assistance Program (DELTA) program is designed to help eligible small 
business contractors shift from defense to civilian markets. Small 
businesses are eligible for financial and technical assistance if they 
are prime contractors, subcontractors, or suppliers detrimentally 
impacted by the closure, or substantial reduction, of a Defense 
installation or program, or if the community they are in has been 
detrimentally impacted by such actions. Financial assistance is 
provided through the Small Business Administration's existing Section 
7(a) and Section 504 programs. Technical assistance is provided through 
small business development centers, SCORE, and other federal agencies 
and other providers. It is a joint program with Defense. To be eligible 
for this program, small businesses must have derived at least 25 
percent of its revenues from Defense or Defense-related Energy 
contracts or subcontracts in support of defense prime contracts in any 
one of five prior operating years. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: Loan 
Prequalification; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Prequalification Loan is a 
pilot program that helps low income borrowers, disabled business 
owners, new and emerging businesses, veterans, exporters, rural and 
specialized industries develop viable loan application packages and 
secure loans up to $250,000. The program is administered by the Small 
Business Administration's (SBA) Office of Field Operations and SBA 
district offices. Intermediary organizations work with applicants to 
make sure their business plans are complete and that their applications 
are eligible and have credit merit. If the intermediary organization is 
satisfied that the application has a chance for approval, it will send 
it to SBA for processing. Small Business Development Centers serving as 
intermediaries do not charge fees for loan packaging, while for-profit 
organizations charge fees. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Capital Access: Microloan 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Microloan Program provides 
very small loans to start-up, newly established, or growing small 
businesses. Under this program, the Small Business Administration makes 
funds available to nonprofit community based lenders (intermediaries) 
which, in turn, make loans to eligible borrowers in amounts up to a 
maximum of $35,000. The average loan size is about $13,000. 
Applications are submitted to the local lender and all credit decisions 
are made at the local level. Individuals and small businesses applying 
for microloans may be required to fulfill training and/or planning 
requirements before a loan application is considered, and lenders are 
required to provide business training and technical assistance. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Disaster Assistance: Disaster 
Assistance; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Disaster Loan Program offers 
low-interest, long-term financial loans to homeowners, renters, and 
businesses of all sizes that are trying to rebuild their homes and 
businesses in the aftermath of a disaster. Two types of loans--Physical 
Disaster and Economic Injury--are available. Physical Disaster Loans 
are available to businesses of all sizes and nonprofit organizations 
for permanent rebuilding and replacement of uninsured or underinsured 
disaster-damaged privately-owned real and/or personal property. This is 
the only SBA assistance that is not limited to small businesses. 
Economic Injury Disaster Loans are available only to small businesses 
to provide necessary working capital until normal operations resume 
after a disaster. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Entrepreneurial Development: 
SCORE; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: SCORE uses the management 
experience and business acumen of retired and active corporate 
professionals and small business owners who volunteer their time and 
expertise to assist small businesses and prospective businesses. 
Counseling services are free and business workshops and seminars are at 
low cost. SCORE pioneered online counseling with the launch of its 
Cyber Chapter in 1996. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Entrepreneurial Development: 
Small Business Development Centers; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Small Business Development 
Centers (SBDC) serve as central sources for disseminating information 
and guidance to small businesses, company owners, and entrepreneurs, 
many of whom cannot afford private consulting services. There is at 
least one SBDC in each state, each with a network of service locations, 
to ensure that they are easily accessible. At least 50 percent of 
clients are small businesses. The program is a cooperative effort of 
the private sector, the educational community and federal, state and 
local governments. Most SBDCs can help with marketing, financing, 
feasibility studies, technical problems, and financing issues. Special 
SBDC programs and economic development activities include international 
trade assistance, technology and manufacturing technical assistance, 
procurement assistance, venture capital formation and rural 
development. SBDCs focus on providing extended-term counseling to small 
businesses rather than short-term assistance. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Entrepreneurial Development: 
Women's Business Centers; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: There are currently 99 Women's 
Business Centers (WBC) in 44 states and 3 territories. The mission of 
the WBC program is to target the economically and socially 
disadvantaged population. WBCs promote the growth of women-owned 
businesses through training, counseling, mentoring and technical 
assistance programs. Each WBC provides assistance or training in 
finance, management, marketing and procurement. In addition, each WBC 
tailors its program to the needs of its constituency and many offer 
programs and counseling in two or more languages. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Entrepreneurial Development: 
Small Business Training Network; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Training 
Network provides online training to meet the informational needs of 
prospective and existing small businesses. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Government Contracting and 
Business Development: Prime Contracts Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Prime Contracts Program 
helps increase small businesses' share of government contracts. Small 
Business Administration (SBA) procurement center representatives (PCR), 
located at SBA procurement area offices and federal buying centers 
across the country, help small businesses obtain federal contracts. 
There are two types of PCRs: traditional and breakout. Traditional PCRs 
work to increase the number of procurements set aside for small 
businesses. Breakout PCRs work to remove components or spare parts from 
sole source procurements to procurements through open competition, 
which generates savings for the federal government. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Government Contracting and 
Business Development: Subcontracting Assistance Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Subcontracting Assistance 
Program promotes the prime contractors' use of small businesses. Small 
Business Administration's commercial marketing representatives review 
the subcontracting plans of prime contractors that have one or more 
contracts that exceed $500,000 to identify opportunities for small 
businesses to serve as subcontractors. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Government Contracting and 
Business Development: Business or Procurement Matchmaking Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Business or Procurement 
Matchmaking Initiative helps increase small businesses' access to 
federal contracting opportunities. Federal, county and state agencies, 
as well as private sector contractors, are matched with small business 
sellers either in person or through facilitated phone conferences. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Government Contracting and 
Business Development: Natural Resources Assistance Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Natural Resources Assistance 
Program is intended to ensure that small businesses obtain a fair share 
of government property sales and leases through small business set-
asides. The Small Business Administration also provides counseling and 
other assistance to small businesses on government sales and leasing. 
The program covers five categories of federal resources: 1) timber and 
related forest products, 2) strategic materials from the national 
stockpile, 3) royalty oil, 4) leases involving rights to minerals, 
coal, oil, and gas, 5) surplus real and personal property. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Government Contracting and 
Business Development: Historically Underutilized Business Zones; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Historically Underutilized 
Business Zone (HUBZone) Empowerment Contracting Program stimulates 
economic development and creates jobs in urban and rural communities by 
providing federal contracting preferences to small businesses. These 
preferences go to small businesses that obtain HUBZone certification 
by, among other things, employing staff and maintaining a principal 
office in a designated HUBZone. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Government Contracting and 
Business Development: Section 8(a) Business Development Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Act Section 
8(a) Program focuses on business development and is designed to foster 
the growth and competitive viability of Section 8(a) firms through 
technical assistance delivered over a 9-year period. One of the 
benefits of the program is that Section 8(a) firms, through their own 
self-marketing efforts, can obtain sole source contracts of up to $5.5 
million for manufacturing and $3.5 million for all other purposes that 
federal agencies make available for the Section 8(a) program. Qualified 
firms can also participate in restricted competitions for federal 
contracts. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Government Contracting and 
Business Development: Mentor-Protégé Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Mentor Protégé program 
enhances the capability of Section 8(a) participants to compete more 
successfully for federal contracts. The program encourages private 
sector relationships and expands the Small Business Administration's 
efforts to identify and respond to the developmental needs of Section 
8(a) clients. Mentors provide technical and management assistance, 
financial assistance in the form of equity investments and/or loans, 
subcontract support, and assistance in performing prime contracts 
through joint venture arrangements with Section 8(a) firms. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Government Contracting and 
Business Development: Small Disadvantaged Business Certification 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Disadvantaged 
Businesses (SDB) Certification Program makes qualified small businesses 
eligible for special bidding benefits in federal procurement. Under new 
federal procurement regulations, the Small Business Administration 
certifies SDBs for participation in federal procurements to help 
overcome the effects of discrimination. Evaluation credits available to 
prime contractors increase subcontracting opportunities for SDBs. While 
the Section 8(a) Program offers a broad scope of assistance to socially 
and economically disadvantaged firms, SDB certification strictly 
pertains to benefits in federal procurement. Section 8(a) firms 
automatically qualify for SDB certification. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Government Contracting and 
Business Development: Certificate of Competency Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Certificate of Competency 
Program allows a small business to appeal a contracting officer's 
determination that it is unable to fulfill the requirements of a 
specific government contract on which it is the apparent low bidder. 
When the small business applies for a Certificate of Competency, the 
Small Business Administration industrial and financial specialists 
conduct a detailed review of the firm's capabilities to perform on the 
contract. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Government Contracting and 
Business Development: Small Business Innovation Research; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Innovation 
Research (SBIR) program is designed to ensure that small, high-
technology firms have access to federal research and development (R&D) 
funds to pursue advanced technologies and their commercial 
applications. SBIR is a competitive three-phase program that reserves a 
specific percentage of R&D funding at certain federal agencies for 
awards to small businesses. Currently 11 other federal agencies provide 
the grant funds and oversee the projects. The Small Business 
Administration monitors the SBIR program and provides guidance. SBIR 
funds the critical startup and development stages and it encourages the 
commercialization of the resulting technology, product, or service. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Government Contracting and 
Business Development: Small Business Technology Transfer Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Small Business Technology 
Transfer Program (STTR) expands funding opportunities in the federal 
innovation research and development (R&D) arena through public/private 
sector partnerships to include the joint venture opportunities for 
small business and nonprofit research institutions. STTR is a 
competitive three-phase program that reserves a specific percentage of 
federal R&D funding for award to small business and nonprofit research 
institution partners. Five federal departments and agencies (the 
Departments of Defense, Energy, and Health and Human Services as well 
as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National 
Science Foundation) are required by STTR to reserve a portion of their 
R&D funds for awards to small business/nonprofit research institution 
partnerships. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Government Contracting and 
Business Development: Sub-Net; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Sub-Net is a Web site where 
prime contractors post subcontracting opportunities. These may or may 
not be reserved for small businesses, and they may include either 
solicitations or other notices. Small businesses can review this Web 
site to identify opportunities in their areas of expertise. While the 
Web site is designed primarily as a place for large businesses to post 
solicitations and notices, it is also used by federal agencies, state 
and local governments, non-profit organizations, colleges and 
universities, and even foreign governments for the same purpose. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Government Contracting and 
Business Development: TECH-Net; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Tech-Net is an electronic 
gateway of technology information and resources for and about small 
high tech businesses. It includes a search engine for researchers, 
scientists, state, federal and local government officials; a marketing 
tool for small firms; and links to potential investment opportunities 
for investors and other sources of capital. The system is also linked 
to technology sources of information, assistance, and training. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Government Contracting and 
Business Development: Section 7(j) program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Section 7(j) of the Small 
Business Act authorized the Small Business Administration to enter into 
grants, cooperative agreements or contracts, with public or private 
organizations to deliver management or technical assistance to 
individuals and enterprises eligible for assistance under the Act. This 
assistance is delivered through the Section 7(j) Management and 
Technical Assistance Program to Section 8(a) certified firms, small 
disadvantaged businesses, businesses operating in areas of high 
unemployment or low-income or firms owned by low-income individuals. 
The Section7 (j) program grants, cooperative agreements or contracts 
are awarded to qualified service providers who have the capability to 
provide business development assistance to the eligible clients. The 
Section 7(j) program funding is not available to finance a business; 
purchase a business; or use as expansion capital for an existing 
business. Financial assistance under the program may be given for 
projects that respond to needs outlined in a Section 7(j) program 
solicitation announcement, or for an unsolicited proposal that could 
provide valuable business development assistance for Section 8(a) and 
other socially and economically disadvantaged small businesses. 
Technical and management assistance includes an executive education 
program for owners and senior officers. 

Agency, office, and program: Office of Veterans Business Development: 
Service-Disabled Veteran Owned Small Business Concern Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Service-Disabled Veteran 
Owned Small Business Concern (SDVOSBC) Program establishes the criteria 
to be used in federal contracting to determine service-disabled veteran 
status; business ownership and control requirements; guidelines for 
establishing sole source and set-aside procurement opportunities; and 
procurement protest and appeal procedures for service-disabled veteran 
owned small business. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 40: Services Provided by Small Business Administration Programs 
by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: Pollution Control Loan 
Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: Qualified Employee Trusts 
Loan Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: Section 7(a) Loan 
Guarantees; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: U.S. Community Adjustment 
and Investment Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: Export Legal Assistance 
Network; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: Export Working Capital 
Loan Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: International Trade Loan; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: SBA Export Express; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: U.S. Export Assistance 
Centers; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: Surety Guarantee Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: Small Business Investment 
Companies; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: CAPlines Loan Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: Certified Development 
Company Guaranteed Loans (Section 504); 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: Defense Loan and 
Technical Assistance Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: Loan Prequalification; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Capital Access: Microloan Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].  

Agency and program: Office of Disaster Assistance: Disaster Assistance; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check].  

Agency and program: Office of Entrepreneurial Development: SCORE; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].  

Agency and program: Office of Entrepreneurial Development: Small 
Business Development Centers; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check].  

Agency and program: Office of Entrepreneurial Development: Women's 
Business Centers; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].  

Agency and program: Office of Entrepreneurial Development: Small 
Business Training Network; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Government Contracting and Business 
Development: Prime Contracts Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Government Contracting and Business 
Development: Subcontracting Assistance Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Government Contracting and Business 
Development: Business or Procurement Matchmaking Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Government Contracting and Business 
Development: Natural Resources Assistance Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Government Contracting and Business 
Development: Historically Underutilized Business Zones; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Office of Government Contracting and Business 
Development: Section 8(a) Business Development Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Office of Government Contracting and Business 
Development: Mentor-Protégé Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Government Contracting and Business 
Development: Small Disadvantaged Business Certification Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Government Contracting and Business 
Development: Certificate of Competency program; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Government Contracting and Business 
Development: Small Business Innovation Research; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Government Contracting and Business 
Development: Small Business Technology Transfer Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Government Contracting and Business 
Development: Sub-Net; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Government Contracting and Business 
Development: TECH-Net; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Government Contracting and Business 
Development: Section 7(j) program; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Office of Veterans Business Development: Service-
Disabled Veteran Owned Small Business Concern Program; 
Target businesses: Any small business regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix XIX: Appalachian Regional Commission - Programs that Offer 
Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of Services: 

Table 41: Appalachian Regional Commission Programs That Offer Services 
to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by Agency, Target 
Businesses, and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Appalachian Regional Commission; 
Telecommunications Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Appalachian Regional 
Commission's Information Age Appalachia telecommunications and 
information technology program was created to promote the development 
of telecommunications in Appalachia, with a special focus on helping 
the Region's distressed counties. The focus of Information Age 
Appalachia is not only on access to infrastructure, but also, and more 
importantly, on applications that use that access. Instead of simply 
promoting technology by itself, the program seeks to stimulate economic 
growth and improve the standard of living in the Region through 
technology-related avenues. Two key areas of the program are e-commerce 
and technology-sector job creation. The focus of the program is to 
ensure rural areas of Appalachia have access to broadband services. 
Training and education are included in activities. The program has 
provided broadband awareness training and general e-commerce training 
throughout the Appalachian Region. It has also worked with broadband 
service providers in helping rural communities obtain broadband access 
in unserved and underserved areas. 

Agency, office, and program: Appalachian Regional Commission; 
Entrepreneurship Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Small, homegrown businesses play 
an important role in creating self-sustaining local economies and 
improving the quality of life in Appalachia. The Entrepreneurship 
Initiative is a multi-year, $31 million effort that seeks to provide 
communities with tools to assist entrepreneurs in starting and 
expanding local businesses. Two key activities of the Initiative 
include giving entrepreneurs greater access to capital and educating 
and training entrepreneurs. 

Agency, office, and program: Appalachian Regional Commission; Business 
Development Revolving Loan Fund Grants; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Business Development 
Revolving Loan Fund is a pool of money used by an eligible grantee for 
the purpose of making loans to create and/or retain jobs. As loans are 
repaid by the borrowers, the money is returned to the revolving loan 
fund to make other loans that becomes an ongoing or "revolving" 
financial tool to retain and create private-sector jobs. 

Agency, office, and program: Appalachian Regional Commission; Export 
Trade Promotion; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Expanding trade opportunities 
for Appalachian businesses is an important strategy for increasing job 
opportunities and per capita income in the Region. The Export Trade 
Advisory Council (ETAC) advises the Commission on trade policy issues, 
promotes advocacy in national and regional venues, and recommends 
specific programs for promoting rural export trade in Appalachia. The 
ETAC has initiated a number of projects designed to help small and 
medium-sized Appalachian businesses increase their export sales. Its 
activities include education and training, market entry for small and 
medium-sized firms, advocacy, and research. 

Agency, office, and program: Appalachian Regional Commission; Asset-
Based Development Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: Appalachian Regional 
Commission's Area Development Program seeks to augment the Highway 
Program and bring more of Appalachia's people into America's economic 
mainstream. The Asset- Based Development Initiative seeks to help 
communities identify and leverage local assets to create jobs and build 
prosperity while preserving the character of their community. 
Development strategies include, among other things, capitalizing on 
traditional arts, culture, and heritage; adding value to farming 
through specialized agricultural development, including processing 
specialty food items, fish farming, and organic farming; and converting 
overlooked and underused facilities into industrial parks, business 
incubators, or educational facilities. 

[End of table] 

Table 42: Services Provided by Appalachian Regional Commission Programs 
by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of Services: 

Agency and program: Appalachian Regional Commission: Telecommunications 
Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Appalachian Regional Commission: Entrepreneurship 
Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Appalachian Regional Commission: Business 
Development Revolving Loan Fund Grants; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Agency and program: Appalachian Regional Commission: Export Trade 
Promotion; 
Target businesses: Any small business, regardless of type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty]. 

Agency and program: Appalachian Regional Commission: Asset-Based 
Development Initiative; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Check]. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

[End of section] 

Appendix XX: Robert C. Byrd National Technology Transfer Center - 
Programs that Offer Services to Small Manufacturers and Types of 
Services: 

Table 43: Robert C. Byrd National Technology Transfer Center Programs 
That Offer Services to Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing by 
Agency, Target Businesses, and Agency Description of Purpose: 

Agency, office, and program: Robert C. Byrd National Technology 
Transfer Center: National Technology Transfer Center; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Agency description of program purpose: The Robert C. Byrd National 
Technology Transfer Center (NTTC), a 501 (c)(3) organization, was 
established in 1989 to link U.S. industry with federal laboratories and 
universities that have the technologies facilities and researchers that 
industry needs to maximize product development opportunities. The NTTC 
provides technology assessment services and serves its clients with an 
experienced professional staff that includes intellectual-property 
management experts, scientists and engineers, computer information 
specialists and programmers, market analysts, Web designers, security 
experts, outreach specialists and technology transfer negotiators. In 
addition, the NTTC houses a demonstration and training laboratory in 
which software and other technologies are tested and demonstrated. 

Source: GAO data. 

[End of table] 

Table 44: Services Provided by the Robert C. Byrd National Technology 
Transfer Center Programs by Agency, Target Businesses, and Type of 
Services: 

Agency and program: Robert C. Byrd National Technology Transfer Center: 
National Technology Transfer Center; 
Target businesses: Any business, regardless of size or type; 
Type of Service: Financial: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Technology development and/or deployment: [Check]; 
Type of Service: Technical, business, or management; [Check]; 
Type of Service: Export: [Empty]; 
Type of Service: Worker training: [Empty].  

Source: GAO data.  

[End of table] 

[End of section]  

Appendix XXI: Interagency Efforts that Address Concerns of Small 
Businesses and Businesses Regardless of Size and Type:  

Table 45: Five Interagency Efforts Address the Concerns of Small 
Businesses, Regardless of Type:  

Focus of interagency effort: Coordinate program operations across 
multiple agencies; 
Participating agencies: Twelve participating agencies including the 
Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, 
Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, and Transportation as 
well as the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the 
Small Business Administration; 
Description of interagency effort: The Small Business Innovation 
Research (SBIR) Program Managers Meetings is an interagency effort in 
which program managers from the Small Business Administration and the 
11 participating SBIR agencies meet periodically to discuss program- 
related topics such as operations, approaches to new initiatives, and 
policy changes.  

Focus of interagency effort: Encourage program participation by small 
businesses in selected geographic areas; 
Participating agencies: Twelve participating agencies including the 
Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, 
Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, and Transportation as 
well as the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the 
Small Business Administration; 
Description of interagency effort: The SBIR/STTR- Where Innovation 
Focuses Technology (SWIFT) is an interagency effort which outreaches to 
raise awareness of the SBIR and Small Business Technology Transfer 
(STTR) programs in areas of the country with low participation in these 
programs. SWIFT brings officials from participating agencies to state-
sponsored conferences to discuss their research topic areas and raise 
awareness of the funding opportunities available to entrepreneurs, 
scientists, business owners, and others. Federal officials may also 
conduct individual meetings at these conferences to discuss how small 
businesses compete for SBIR funding.  

Focus of interagency effort: Enhance participation in federal 
contracting by small businesses; 
Participating agencies: Twelve participating agencies including the 
Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, 
Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, and Transportation, as 
well as the Environmental Protection Agency, National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration, National Science Foundation, and Small Business 
Administration; 
Description of interagency effort: The Small Business Working Group is 
a subset of the Chief Acquisitions Officers Council (CAOC). The CAOC 
consists of a diverse group of acquisition professionals in the 
Executive Branch established to provide a senior level forum for 
monitoring and improving the federal acquisition system. The CAOC 
promotes effective business practices that ensure the timely delivery 
of best value products and services to the agencies, achieve public 
policy objectives, and further integrity, fairness, competition, and 
openness in the federal acquisition system. The CAOC works closely with 
the Administrator, Office of Federal Procurement Policy, and the 
Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council to promote these business 
practices in the acquisition system. The CAOC is focused on promoting 
the President's Management Agenda in all aspects of the acquisition 
system. The CAOC also promotes the President's specific acquisition- 
related initiatives and policies.  

Focus of interagency effort: Enhance participation in federal 
contracting by small socially and economically disadvantaged 
businesses; 
Participating agencies: Twenty-five participating agencies including 
the Departments of: Agriculture, Commerce, Defense (Air Force, Army, 
and Navy), Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland 
Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Justice, Labor, 
State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs; as well as the 
Environmental Protection Agency, Executive Office of the President, 
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, General Services Administration, 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science 
Foundation, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Personnel 
Management, Smithsonian Institution, and Social Security 
Administration; 
Description of interagency effort: The Federal Office of Small and 
Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU) Directors Interagency 
Council exchanges information on methods, initiatives, and processes 
that will permit respective agencies to more effectively utilize small 
businesses in prime contracts and subcontracts to the maximum extent 
practicable. In addition, the Council shall collectively act in the 
interest of small businesses on federal and national small business 
initiatives. More specifically, the Council disseminates information to 
all OSDBU Directors and their staffs, advocates training for the 
federal procurement workforce, and provides a forum where officials 
share ideas and experiences and work with interested groups to develop 
solutions to procurement issues that affect small businesses. The OSDBU 
Directors Council was established in the late 1980s.  

Focus of interagency effort: Expand scope of services offered to small 
businesses through service centers the agencies operate; 
Participating agencies: Twelve participating agencies including 5 
agencies in the Department of Commerce (International Trade 
Administration's Export Assistance Centers, Economic Development 
Agency, National Institute of Standards and Technology's Manufacturing 
Extension Partnership, Minority Business Development Agency, and Office 
of Intellectual Property Rights), the Small Business Administration's 
Small Business Development Centers as well as the Export-Import Bank, 
Environmental Protection Agency, and the Departments of Agriculture, 
Defense, Energy, and Labor; 
Description of interagency effort: Interagency Network of Enterprise 
Assistance Providers brings together federal agencies to explore the 
concept, feasibility, and framework to develop a coordinated network of 
assistance programs that meets the needs of small businesses and 
manufacturers. Group members meet monthly to learn about each other's 
programs and discuss mutually beneficial opportunities for pilot 
collaborations. To date, the group has discussed such topics as 
successful export strategies for small manufacturers, the development 
of a Web site for the coordinated network and available small business 
innovation information.  

Source: GAO data.  

[End of table]  

Table 46: Nine Interagency Efforts Address the Concerns of All 
Businesses, Regardless of Size or Type:  

Focus of interagency effort: Forum to raise bioengineering issues; 
Participating agencies: Twenty-six participating agencies including NIH 
Institutes Centers and Offices (National Institutes for Cancer; 
Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; Allergy and Infectious Diseases; 
Eye; Heart, Lung, and Blood; Aging; Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 
Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; Child Health and Human 
Development; Drug Abuse; Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; 
Dental and Craniofacial Research; Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney 
Diseases; Environmental Health Sciences, General Medical Sciences; 
Mental Health; Neurological Disorders and Stroke; NIH Centers for 
Scientific Review; Information Technology; Research Resources; NIH 
Offices for Intramural Research; Research Services; as well as the 
Human Genome Research Institute, Clinical Center, and National Library 
of Medicine), the Department of Energy, National Institute of Standards 
and Technology in the Department of Commerce, and the National Science 
Foundation; 
Description of interagency effort: Recognizing the potential benefits 
to human health to be realized from applying the field of 
bioengineering, the NIH Director formally established the 
Bioengineering Consortium (BECON) was an interagency group convened by 
the NIH Director in February 1997. BECON is the focus of bioengineering 
issues at the NIH and is composed of senior-level representatives from 
each of the NIH centers, institutes, and divisions. The Consortium also 
includes representatives of other federal agencies concerned with 
biomedical research and development. The BECON is administered by the 
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering at the 
NIH.  

Focus of interagency effort: Develop a single electronic point of 
contact for federal information to help businesses; 
Participating agencies: Twenty-two participating agencies including the 
Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, 
Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban 
Development, Interior, Justice, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, 
and Veteran Affairs and the Environmental Protection Agency, General 
Services Administration, Office of Personnel Management, National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation, 
Small Business Administration and Social Security Administration; 
Description of interagency effort: Business Gateway is a partnership of 
federal agencies that provide a single online access point for 
government services and information that can help businesses, called 
Business.gov. Launched in 2004, Business.gov initially focused on 
starting, growing and financing small businesses. In October 2006, its 
focus shifted to helping businesses comply with federal regulations.  

Focus of interagency effort: Coordinate efforts to transfer federally 
developed technology to the private sector; 
Participating agencies: Thirteen participating agencies including the 
Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Energy, Health and Human 
Services, the Interior, Justice, Transportation, Treasury, Veterans 
Affairs, as well as the Environmental Protection Agency, National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration, and National Science Foundation; 
Description of interagency effort: Federal Laboratory Consortium for 
Technology Transfer (FLC), formed in 1974, is a nationwide network of 
federal laboratories. FLC provides a forum to develop strategies and 
identify opportunities to link the laboratories' mission technologies 
and expertise with the marketplace. It serves as an interagency forum 
to develop and strengthen nationwide efforts to transfer federally 
developed technology to the private sector.  

Focus of interagency effort: Coordinate efforts to transfer federally 
developed technology to the private sector; 
Participating agencies: Eleven participating agencies including the 
Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Energy, Health and Human 
Services, Homeland Security, Interior, Transportation, Veterans 
Affairs, as well as the Environmental Protection Agency and National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration; 
Description of interagency effort: The Interagency Working Group on 
Technology Transfer is a longstanding interagency effort that includes 
senior policy officials from most of the federal science and technology 
agencies. The group's activities are coordinated through the Office of 
Technology Policy in the Department of Commerce. The group meets 
monthly to discuss policy issues and related topics of significant 
interest to the federal laboratory technology transfer community. One 
of the continuing discussion interests over the last several years has 
been the extent to which existing federal technology transfer 
mechanisms and programs work effectively to facilitate interaction with 
the private sector in such areas as the transfer of intellectual 
property rights, cooperative research and development relationships, 
and new technology development activities.  

Focus of interagency effort: Share information on the development of 
information technology systems; 
Participating agencies: Thirteen participating organizations including 
the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Defense Logistics Agency in the 
Department of Defense, National Aeronautical and Space Administration, 
Department of Energy, Department of Labor, National Institute of 
Standards and Technology in the Department of and Commerce, Federal 
Aviation Administration, General Services Administration, National 
Security Agency, U.S. Postal Service, as well as, the Canadian 
Department of Defense; 
Description of interagency effort: GIDEP is a cooperative activity 
between government and industry participants that seek to share 
technical information during research, design, development, production 
and operational phases of the life cycle of systems, facilities and 
equipment for the development, thereby reducing or eliminating 
expenditures of resources, lowering total ownership cost, and 
increasing reliability, readiness and safety.  

Focus of interagency effort: Coordinate efforts on tissue engineering; 
Participating agencies: Seven participating agencies including the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology in the Department of 
Commerce, Department of Energy, Defense Advanced Research Projects 
Agency in the Department of Defense, two agencies in the Department of 
Health and Human Services (Food and Drug Administration and National 
Institutes of Health, the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration, and the National Science Foundation; 
Description of interagency effort: The Multi-Agency Tissue Engineering 
Science (MATES) Interagency Working Group helps keep federal agencies 
involved in tissue engineering informed of each other's activities and 
helps the agencies better coordinate their efforts in this rapidly 
growing field. The MATES Interagency Working Group was organized under 
the auspices of the Subcommittee on Biotechnology of the National 
Science and Technology Council.  

Focus of interagency effort: Coordinate federal nano-technology and 
nano-science related research and development (R&D) efforts; 
Participating agencies: Twenty-eight federal agencies participate in 
the NNI including the Office of Science Technology Policy, Office of 
Management and Budget, Consumer Product Safety Commission, 
Environmental Protection Agency, Intelligence Technology Innovation 
Center, International Trade Commission, National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration, National Science Foundation, Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission, two agencies within the Department of Agriculture 
(Cooperative State Research Extension and Education Service and Forest 
Service), the Department of Defense, four agencies within the 
Department of Commerce (Bureau of Industry and Security, National 
Institute of Standards and Technology, Technology Administration, and 
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office), the Departments of Education and 
Energy, three agencies within the Department of Health and Human 
Services (Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, 
and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), one agency 
within Department of the Interior (U.S. Geological Survey), and the 
Departments of Homeland Security, Justice, Labor, State, 
Transportation, and Treasury; 
Description of interagency effort: The National Nanotechnology 
Initiative (NNI) is a federal research and development (R&D) program 
established to coordinate multi-agency efforts in nanoscale science, 
engineering, and technology. Thirteen participating agencies have an 
R&D budget for nanotechnology. Other Federal organizations contribute 
with studies, applications for the results from agencies that perform 
R&D, and other collaborations. The NNI is managed within the framework 
of the National Science and Technology Council, the Cabinet-level 
council that coordinates science, space, and technology policies across 
the federal government. In addition to funding research, federal 
support through the NNI provides crucial funds for the creation of 
university and government nanoscale R&D laboratories, and helps educate 
the workforce necessary for the future of nanotechnology. The NNI also 
plays a key role in fostering cross-disciplinary networks and 
partnerships, and disseminating information. Finally, it enables small 
businesses to pursue opportunities offered by nanotechnology, and 
encourages all levels of business to exploit those opportunities.  

Focus of interagency effort: Develop and build acceptance of standards 
for a new technology; 
Participating agencies: Six participating agencies within the 
Department of Commerce including the Technology Administration, the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology, the National 
Telecommunications and Information Administration, the International 
Trade Administration, the Economics and Statistics Administration and 
the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; 
Description of interagency effort: Commerce has a leading role within 
the federal government to ensure that RFID is understood, that both 
industry and consumer concerns and views are heard, and that accurate 
information about the features and abilities of RFID are disseminated.  

Focus of interagency effort: Streamline federal export services; 
Participating agencies: Twenty participating agencies including the 
Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Energy, Homeland 
Security, Interior, Labor, Transportation, and Treasury, and the 
Council of Economic Advisors, Environmental Protection Agency, Export- 
Import Bank of the United States, National Economic Council, National 
Security Council, Office of Management and Budget, Overseas Private 
Investment Corporation, Small Business Administration, U.S. Agency for 
International Development, U.S. Trade and Development Agency, and 
United States Trade Representative; 
Description of interagency effort: The Trade Promotion Coordinating 
Committee (TPCC) is composed of all the federal government's agencies 
involved in export promotion. The present TPCC was formed in 1993 by 
Executive Order No. 12870, 58 Fed. Reg. 51753 (Sept. 30, 1993), 
pursuant to the Export Enhancement Act of 1992, Pub. L. No. 102-429 § 
201, 106 Stat. 2186 (Oct. 21, 1992); 15 U.S.C. § 4727. The Trade 
Promotion Coordinating Committee (TPCC) is composed of all the federal 
government's agencies involved in export promotion. The Secretary of 
Commerce is the designated chairperson. The TPCC is mandated to 
streamline export programs, leverage resources across agencies, develop 
a national export strategy, and report annually to Congress. Recent 
initiatives include joint marketing such as Export.gov; joint training 
such as the TPCC Interagency Trade Officer Training Program; program 
integration such as through the Small Business Administration and 
Export-Import Bank Co-Guarantee Program; strategic partnerships to 
broaden business outreach, such as with states, associations, and 
corporate partners; and coordination in priority markets, such as in 
key emerging markets.  

Source: GAO data.  

[End of table]  

[End of section]  

Appendix XXII: Studies of Programs that Support Small Businesses 
Engaged in Manufacturing:  

List of Studies:  

Studies on Programs at the Department of Commerce:  

Davila, Natalie A. "Evaluating Manufacturing Extension: A 
Multidimensional Approach." Economic Development Quarterly. Vol. 18, 
no. 3 (2004): 286-302.  

Ehlen, Mark A. "The Economic Impact of Manufacturing Extension 
Centers." Economic Development Quarterly. Vol. 15, no. 1 (2001): 36-
44.  

Feldman, Maryann P., and Maryellen R. Kelley. "Leveraging Research and 
Development: Assessing the Impact of the U.S. Advanced Technology 
Program." Small Business Economics. Vol. 20, no. 2 (2003): 153-165.  

Commerce Information Technology Solutions Next Generation 
Governmentwide Acquisition Contract. GAO-06-791R. Washington, D.C.: 
June 14, 2006.  

Trade Adjustment Assistance: Experiences of Six Trade-Impacted 
Communities. GAO-01-838. Washington, D.C.: August 24, 2001.  

Trade Adjustment Assistance: Impact of Federal Assistance to Firms Is 
Unclear. GAO-01-12. Washington, D.C.: December 15, 2000.  

Reeder et al. The National Institute of Standards and Technology's 
Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program - Report 1: Re-examining 
the Core Premise of the MEP Program. Washington, D.C.: National Academy 
of Public Administration, 2003.  

Shapira, Philip. "US Manufacturing Extension Partnerships: Technology 
Policy Reinvented?" Research Policy. Vol. 30 (2001): 977-992.  

Voytek, Kenneth P., Karen L. Lellock, and Mark A. Schmit. "Developing 
Performance Metrics for Science and Technology Programs: The Case of 
the Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program." Economic Development 
Quarterly. Vol. 18, no. 2 (2004): 174-185.  

Studies on Programs at the Department of Defense:  

Ahmad, Mohamad, Radostin Krastev, and Arkadiusz Puciato. Military 
Business Success. MBA Professional Report. Monterey, CA: Naval 
Postgraduate School, 2004.  

Contract Management: Benefits of the DoD Mentor-Protégé Program Are Not 
Conclusive. GAO-01-767. Washington, D.C.: July 19, 2001.  

Defense Commissaries: Additional Small Business Opportunities Should Be 
Explored. GAO-03-160. Washington, D.C.: December 12, 2002.  

Defense Manufacturing Technology Program: More Joint Projects and 
Tracking of Results Could Benefit Program. GAO-01-943. Washington, 
D.C.: September 28, 2001.  

Green, Gregory Sean. Army Small Business Innovation Research: A Survey 
of Phase II Awardees. Thesis. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, 
2001.  

Peete, Danny A., and Paul J. Componation. "Predicting USMC SBIR Phase I 
to II Transition Success by Evaluating Use of Systems Engineering 
Capabilities." Engineering Management Journal. Vol. 15, no. 3 (2003): 
21-27.  

Studies on Programs at the Department of Energy:  

Department of Energy: Achieving Small Business Prime Contracting Goals 
Involves Both Potential Benefits and Risks. GAO-04-738T. Washington, 
D.C.: May 18, 2004.  

DOE Contracting: Improved Program Management Could Help Achieve Small 
Business Goal. GAO-06-501. Washington, D.C.: April 7, 2006.  

Small Business Participation in the Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline 
Project. GAO-05-860R. Washington, D.C.: August 4, 2005.  

Technology Transfer: Several Factors Have Led to a Decline in 
Partnerships at DOE's Laboratories. GAO-02-465. Washington, D.C.: April 
19, 2002.  

Study on Programs at the Department of Health and Human Services:  

Toole, Andrew A., and Dirk Czarnitzki. Biomedical Academic 
Entrepreneurship Through the SBIR Program. Cambridge, MA: National 
Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.  

Study on Programs at the Department of Transportation:  

Disadvantaged Business Enterprises: Critical Information Is Needed to 
Understand Program Impact. GAO-01-586. Washington, D.C.: June 1, 2001.  

Studies on Programs at the Appalachian Regional Commission:  

Greenwood Consulting Group, Inc. A Survey of Business Incubators in 
Appalachia. A report prepared at the request of the Appalachian 
Regional Commission. July 2005.  

Plishker, Laurie, Gary Silverstein, and Joy Frechtling. Evaluation of 
the Appalachian Regional Commission's Vocational Education and 
Workforce Training Projects. A report prepared by Westat at the request 
of the Appalachian Regional Commission. January 2002.  

Study on Programs at the Export-Import Bank:  

Export-Import Bank: Changes Would Improve the Reliability of Reporting 
on Small Business Financing. GAO-06-351. Washington, D.C.: March 3, 
2006.  

Studies on Programs at the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration:  

Archibald, Robert B., and David H. Finifter. "Evaluating the NASA small 
business innovation research program: preliminary evidence of a trade- 
off between commercialization and basic research." Research Policy. 
Vol. 32, no. 4 (2003): 605-619.  

U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Commercial 
Technology Division. Office of Aerospace Technology. NASA SBIR Program: 
Commercial Metrics. Washington, D.C.: 2002.  

Studies on Programs at the Small Business Administration:  

Major Management Challenges and Program Risks: Small Business 
Administration. GAO-03-116. Washington, D.C.: January 1, 2003.  

SBA Disaster Loan Program: Accounting Anomalies Resolved but Additional 
Steps Would Improve Long-Term Reliability of Cost Estimates. GAO-05- 
409. Washington, D.C.: April 14, 2005.  

Small Business: HUBZone Program Suffers From Reporting and 
Implementation Difficulties. GAO-02-57. Washington, D.C.: October 26, 
2001.  

Small Business: More Transparency Needed in Prime Contract Goal 
Program. GAO-01-551. Washington, D.C.: August 1, 2001.  

Small Business: Status of Small Disadvantaged Business Certifications. 
GAO-01-273. Washington, D.C.: January 19, 2001.  

Small Business Administration: Actions Needed to Provide More Timely 
Disaster Assistance. GAO-06-860. Washington, D.C.: July 28, 2006.  

Small Business Administration: Disaster Loan Program. GAO-02-210R. 
Washington, D.C.: November 16, 2001.  

Small Business Administration: Improvements Made, but Loan Programs 
Face Ongoing Management Challenges. GAO-06-605T. Washington, D.C.: 
April 6, 2006.  

Small Business Administration: Management Practices Have Improved for 
the Women's Business Center Program. GAO-01-791R. Washington, D.C.: 
June 13, 2001.  

Small Business Administration: Model for 7(a) Program Subsidy Had 
Reasonable Equations, but Inadequate Documentation Hampered External 
Reviews. GAO-04-9. Washington, D.C.: March 31, 2004.  

Small Business Administration: New Service for Lender Oversight 
Reflects Some Best Practices, but Strategy for Use Lags Behind. GAO-04- 
610. Washington, D.C.: June 8, 2004.  

Small Business Administration: Observations on the Disaster Loan 
Program. GAO-03-721T. Washington, D.C.: May 1, 2003.  

Small Business Administration: Response to September 11 Victims and 
Performance Measures for Disaster Lending. GAO-03-385. Washington, 
D.C.: January 29, 2003.  

Small Business Administration: Section 7(a) General Business Loans 
Credit Subsidy Estimates. GAO-01-1095R. Washington, D.C.: August 21, 
2001.  

Small Business Administration: SBA Followed Appropriate Policies and 
Procedures for September 11 Disaster Loan Applications. GAO-04-885. 
Washington, D.C.: August 31, 2004.  

Small Business Administration: Small Business Government Contracting 
Programs; Subcontracting. GAO-05-268R. Washington, D.C.: January 24, 
2005.  

Small Business Administration: The Commercial Marketing Representative 
Role Needs to Be Strategically Planned and Assessed. GAO-03-54. 
Washington, D.C.: November 1, 2002.  

Waivers of the Small Business Administration's Nonmanufacturer Rule 
Have Limited Effect. GAO-03-311R. Washington, D.C.: December 19, 2002.  

Ong, Paul M. "Set-aside contracting in SBA's 8(a) program." The Review 
of Black Political Economy. Vol. 28, no. 3 (2001): 59-71.  

Studies on Programs at Multiple Agencies:  

Anonymous. "Analyzing SBIR." Regulation Magazine. Vol. 23, no. 4 
(2000): 14-15.  

Audretsch, David B., Juergen Weigand, and Claudia Weigand. "The Impact 
of the SBIR on Creating Entrepreneurial Behavior." Economic Development 
Quarterly. Vol. 16, no. 1 (2002): 32-38.  

Contract Management: Impact of Strategy to Mitigate Effects of Contract 
Bundling on Small Business Is Uncertain. GAO-04-454. Washington, D.C.: 
May 27, 2004.  

Export Promotion: Government Agencies Should Combine Small Business 
Export Training Programs. GAO-01-1023. Washington, D.C.: September 21, 
2001.  

Export Promotion: Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee's Role Remains 
Limited. GAO-06-660T. Washington, D.C.: April 26, 2006.  

Federal Procurement: Trends and Challenges in Contracting With Women- 
Owned Small Businesses. GAO-01-346. Washington, D.C.: February 16, 
2001.  

Federal Research: Observations on the Small Business Innovation 
Research Program. GAO-05-861T. Washington, D.C.: June 28, 2005.  

Federal Research and Development: Contributions to and Results of the 
Small Business Technology Transfer Program. GAO-01-867T. Washington, 
D.C.: June 21, 2001.  

Federal Research and Development: Contributions to and Results of the 
Small Business Technology Transfer Program. GAO-01-766R. Washington, 
D.C.: June 4, 2001.  

Information on the Number of Small Business Set-Asides Issued and 
Successfully Challenged. GAO-03-242R. Washington, D.C.: November 1, 
2002.  

International Trade: Experts' Advice for Small Businesses Seeking 
Foreign Patents. GAO-03-910. Washington, D.C.: June 26, 2003.  

Small and Disadvantaged Businesses: Most Agency Advocates View Their 
Roles Similarly. GAO-04-451. Washington, D.C.: March 22, 2004.  

Small Business Contracting: Concerns About the Administration's Plan to 
Address Contract Bundling Issues. GAO-03-559T. Washington, D.C.: March 
18, 2003.  

Small Business Innovation Research: Agencies Need to Strengthen Efforts 
to Improve the Completeness, Consistency, and Accuracy of Awards Data. 
GAO-07-38. Washington, D.C.: October 19, 2006.  

Small Business Subcontracting Report Validation Can Be Improved. GAO-02-
166R. Washington, D.C.: December 13, 2001.  

Pretorius, Jacob V.R., and Christopher L. Magee. "Observations on 
collaborative practices and relative success of small technology- 
innovating firms supported by the US SBIR initiative." Entrepreneurship 
and Innovation Management. Vol. 5, nos. 1/2 (2005): 4-19.  

van der Vlist, Arno, Shelby Gerking, and Henk Folmer. "What Determines 
the Success of States in Attracting SBIR Awards?" Economic Development 
Quarterly. Vol. 18, no. 1 (2004): 81-90.  

[End of section]  

Appendix XXIII: GAO Contacts and Staff Acknowledgments:  

GAO Contact:  

Anu Mittal, 202-512-3841 or mittala@gao.gov:  

Staff Acknowledgments:  

In addition to the contact named above, Cheryl Williams, (Assistant 
Director); Stephen Cleary; Bernice Dawson; Holly Gerhart; Cindy 
Gilbert; Nicole Harris; Matt Michaels; Rosario Montemayor; Alison 
O'Neill; and Jerome Sandau made key contributions to this report.  

[End of section]  

Footnotes:  

[1] Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Statistics of U.S. 
Businesses - 2004.  

[2] Specific size standards are published by SBA for each NAICS 
industry classification at 13 C.F.R. § 121.201. For manufacturing 
classifications (sectors 31-33), these standards range from 500 to 
1,500 employees.  

[3] The Manufacturing Institute, The Future Success of Small and Medium 
Manufacturers: Challenges and Policy Issues, 2006; U.S. Department of 
Commerce, Manufacturing in America: A Comprehensive Strategy to Address 
the Challenges to U.S. Manufacturers, January 2004; National Academy of 
Public Administration, The National Institute of Standards and 
Technology's Manufacturing Extension Partnership, Report I, September 
2003; Northeast-Midwest Institute, Advancing U.S. Manufacturing: 
Challenges Facing Small Manufacturers, 2004; Manufacturing Studies 
Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National 
Research Council, Learning to Change: Opportunities to Improve the 
Performance of Smaller Manufacturers, National Academy Press, 1993; and 
Northeast-Midwest Institute, Advancing Manufacturing Competitiveness: A 
Practitioners' Guide to Federal Assistance, 1995.  

[4] The Small Business Act, as amended (Pub. L. No. 85-536, 72 Stat. 
384 (July 18, 1958), amended by Pub. L. No. 95-507, 92 Stat. 1757 (Oct. 
24, 1978)), established an Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
Utilization for each federal agency with procurement authority. See 15 
U.S.C. § 644(k).  

[5] Executive Order No. 13,329, 69 Fed. Reg. 9181 (Feb. 24, 2004) 
encourages innovation in manufacturing by directing SBIR programs to 
give high priority to manufacturing-related research and development 
projects, whenever feasible.  

[End of section]  

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