From the U.S. Government Accountability Office, www.gao.gov Title: Smuggling of Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Materials from Pakistan to Afghanistan Description: This video describes the threat posed by the smuggling of IED materials from Pakistan into Afghanistan. It also shows some of the key challenges to preventing such illicit commerce, both at the two official border crossing points, as well as along the rugged terrain between those border crossings. Related GAO Work: GAO-12-614, Combating Terrorism: State Should Enhance Its Performance Measures for Assessing Efforts in Pakistan to Counter Improvised Explosive Devices Released: May 2012 [First Screen] [Silence] This video is part of a GAO report: Combating Terrorism: Enhanced Performance Measures Needed to Track Efforts in Pakistan to Counter Improvised Explosive Devices (GAO-12-614) [Second Screen] [Silence] Smuggling of Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Materials from Pakistan to Afghanistan [Description] The screen shows improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and IED components. [Audio] Improvised explosive devices, or IEDs, are the leading cause of injury and death for U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan. According to U.S. officials, approximately 80 percent of these IEDs contain calcium ammonium nitrate or other precursor chemicals smuggled in from Pakistan. [Description] The screen shows a bag of calcium ammonium nitrate. [Audio] A single bag of calcium ammonium nitrate can be used to produce multiple IEDs. [Description] The screen shows border crossings between Afghanistan and Pakistan. [Audio] Preventing the smuggling of such IED precursors is a challenge for both the United States and Pakistani governments. [Description] The screen shows a map of Afghanistan and Pakistan, followed by images of the mountainous terrain along the Afghanistan/Pakistan border. The map highlights the border between the countries and identifies the locations of the two border crossings. [Audio] The border separating Pakistan and Afghanistan is approximately 1,500 miles long-much of it rugged, mountainous terrain that is challenging to secure. [Description] The screen shows border crossings between Afghanistan and Pakistan. [Audio] Pakistan has two main official border crossing points along the Afghan border-one at Chaman, which is less than 100 miles from Kandahar, and the other at Torkham, which is near the summit of the Khyber Pass. People and goods flow through these checkpoints. Much of the cargo is carried by trucks; however, some cargo is also transported by animals, pushed across in hand carts, or carried on people's backs. [ Last Screen ] [ Silence ] Images provided courtesy of Department of Defense & Department of Homeland Security __________________________________________________ Video provided courtesy of Pakistan Trade Project __________________________________________________ Map: GAO from CIA & Map Resources maps