+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |        Discretionary spending |           Mandatory spending  |        Sum of tax expenditure |
| Fiscal Year    | (in billions of 2019 dollars) |            minus net interest |        revenue loss estimates |
|                |                               | (in billions of 2019 dollars) | (in billions of 2019 dollars) |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     1989       |                      898.8    |                      893.5    |                      610.7    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     1990       |                      888.0    |                    1,007.7    |                      618.2    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     1991       |                      913.4    |                    1,021.7    |                      608.9    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     1992       |                      892.0    |                    1,083.5    |                      629.8    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     1993       |                      881.3    |                    1,095.4    |                      637.9    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     1994       |                      864.9    |                    1,146.5    |                      670.5    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     1995       |                      852.4    |                    1,155.9    |                      694.3    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     1996       |                      818.1    |                    1,208.1    |                      698.2    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     1997       |                      825.4    |                    1,222.4    |                      729.0    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     1998       |                      822.7    |                    1,280.6    |                      824.6    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     1999       |                      841.8    |                    1,324.3    |                      887.3    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2000       |                      886.1    |                    1,371.7    |                      927.6    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2001       |                      914.2    |                    1,419.3    |                     1005.9    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2002       |                    1,017.6    |                    1,533.3    |                     1045.1    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2003       |                    1,122.3    |                    1,610.0    |                     1004.0    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2004       |                    1,190.2    |                    1,645.4    |                      968.2    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2005       |                    1,249.6    |                    1,702.4    |                     1000.8    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2006       |                    1,271.0    |                    1,765.1    |                     1058.6    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2007       |                    1,267.7    |                    1,764.8    |                     1027.5    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2008       |                    1,353.3    |                    1,901.8    |                     1046.8    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2009       |                    1,458.8    |                    2,467.5    |                     1156.2    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2010       |                    1,574.6    |                    2,236.7    |                     1197.6    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2011       |                    1,543.7    |                    2,321.6    |                     1228.9    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2012       |                    1,446.3    |                    2,283.4    |                     1214.7    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2013       |                    1,327.5    |                    2,243.5    |                     1264.8    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2014       |                    1,277.0    |                    2,273.6    |                     1266.1    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2015       |                    1,251.7    |                    2,459.7    |                     1319.9    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2016       |                    1,258.4    |                    2,576.9    |                     1506.8    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2017       |                    1,252.0    |                    2,627.4    |                     1537.4    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2018       |                    1,286.1    |                    2,571.4    |                     1402.1    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                |                               |                               |                               |
|     2019       |                    1,337.8    |                    2,735.4    |                     1320.6    |
+----------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+

Source: GAO analysis of Department of the Treasury and Office of Management and Budget data.

Note: Summing tax expenditure estimates provides a sense of size but does not take into account possible
interactions among individual tax expenditures or outlay effects from refundable credits. Total changes in tax
revenues from repealing tax expenditures could differ from the sum of the estimates.