Survey of Local Growth Issues

Survey of Local Growth Issues (RCED-00-272, September 2000)

How much has this federal tax policy helped your community plan for and manage growth over the last 5 years: developers can get federal tax credits for developing brownfields, which affects infill development? Number of Cases

No impact Somewhat helpful Very helpful Extremely helpful Not applicable or uncertain No answer

Alabama Counties 53.3 6.7 0 0 40.0 0 15

Cities 40.0 10.0 0 0 50.0 0 10

Alaska Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Arizona Counties 66.7 0 0 0 33.3 0 6

Cities 64.3 14.3 0 0 21.4 0 14

Arkansas Counties 20.0 0 0 0 80.0 0 10

Cities 54.5 0 0 9.1 36.4 0 11

California Counties 44.4 3.7 3.7 0 48.1 0 27

Cities 60.5 6.7 0.5 0 31.3 1.0 195

Colorado Counties 80.0 0 0 0 20.0 0 10

Cities 61.1 0 11.1 5.6 22.2 0 18

Connecticut Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 33.3 8.3 33.3 0 16.7 8.3 12

Delaware Counties 50.0 0 0 0 50.0 0 2

Cities 33.3 33.3 0 0 33.3 0 3

District of Columbia Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 1

Florida Counties 55.2 10.3 3.4 0 31.0 0 29

Cities 54.1 6.6 3.3 1.6 31.1 3.3 61

Georgia Counties 50.0 0 2.6 0 47.4 0 38

Cities 53.8 15.4 7.7 0 23.1 0 13

Idaho Counties 50.0 0 0 0 50.0 0 2

Cities 80.0 0 0 0 20.0 0 5

Illinois Counties 55.0 15.0 0 0 30.0 0 20

Cities 51.6 19.4 8.1 1.6 19.4 0 62

Indiana Counties 53.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 34.6 0 26

Cities 45.0 10.0 20.0 5.0 20.0 0 20

Iowa Counties 14.3 42.9 14.3 14.3 14.3 0 7

Cities 56.3 18.8 0 6.3 18.8 0 16

Kansas Counties 42.9 14.3 14.3 0 28.6 0 7

Cities 66.7 16.7 0 8.3 8.3 0 12

Kentucky Counties 45.5 0 9.1 0 45.5 0 11

Cities 75.0 0 0 0 25.0 0 8

Louisiana Counties 42.9 0 0 0 50.0 7.1 14

Cities 30.0 20.0 0 0 50.0 0 10

Maine Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 0 0 50.0 50.0 0 0 2

Maryland Counties 50.0 0 0 0 50.0 0 10

Cities 50.0 0 0 0 50.0 0 6

Massachusetts Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 33.3 23.3 13.3 6.7 16.7 6.7 30

Michigan Counties 10.0 20.0 30.0 10.0 30.0 0 20

Cities 27.3 18.2 18.2 12.1 24.2 0 33

Minnesota Counties 46.7 13.3 6.7 0 33.3 0 15

Cities 44.0 12.0 16.0 0 28.0 0 25

Mississippi Counties 22.2 11.1 0 11.1 55.6 0 9

Cities 33.3 11.1 11.1 11.1 22.2 11.1 9

Missouri Counties 22.2 22.2 5.6 0 44.4 5.6 18

Cities 38.9 11.1 11.1 5.6 33.3 0 18

Montana Counties 50.0 0 0 0 50.0 0 2

Cities 20.0 0 0 0 80.0 0 5

Nebraska Counties 16.7 0 0 0 83.3 0 6

Cities 60.0 0 20.0 0 20.0 0 5

Nevada Counties 0 50.0 0 0 50.0 0 2

Cities 50.0 33.3 0 0 16.7 0 6

New Hampshire Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 60.0 20.0 0 0 20.0 0 5

New Jersey Counties 23.1 30.8 15.4 0 30.8 0 13

Cities 26.9 26.9 19.2 7.7 19.2 0 26

New Mexico Counties 50.0 0 0 0 50.0 0 4

Cities 71.4 0 0 0 28.6 0 7

New York Counties 50.0 10.7 0 7.1 32.1 0 28

Cities 30.0 35.0 10.0 0 20.0 5.0 20

North Carolina Counties 53.6 3.6 0 3.6 39.3 0 28

Cities 37.5 25.0 6.3 0 31.3 0 16

North Dakota Counties 50.0 25.0 0 0 25.0 0 4

Cities 50.0 0 0 0 50.0 0 4

Ohio Counties 24.2 15.2 18.2 6.1 33.3 3.0 33

Cities 51.2 19.5 4.9 4.9 19.5 0 41

Oklahoma Counties 10.0 0 10.0 10.0 70.0 0 10

Cities 60.0 0 10.0 0 30.0 0 10

Oregon Counties 60.0 10.0 0 0 30.0 0 10

Cities 70.0 10.0 0 0 20.0 0 10

Pennsylvania Counties 25.9 40.7 3.7 3.7 25.9 0 27

Cities 29.4 29.4 11.8 17.6 11.8 0 17

Rhode Island Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 33.3 66.7 0 0 0 0 3

South Carolina Counties 28.6 42.9 0 0 21.4 7.1 14

Cities 45.5 27.3 9.1 0 18.2 0 11

South Dakota Counties 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 1

Cities 50.0 50.0 0 0 0 0 2

Tennessee Counties 40.9 4.5 0 4.5 50.0 0 22

Cities 50.0 14.3 7.1 0 28.6 0 14

Texas Counties 39.5 0 0 0 52.6 7.9 38

Cities 57.5 6.8 2.7 2.7 24.7 5.5 73

Utah Counties 75.0 25.0 0 0 0 0 4

Cities 50.0 8.3 0 0 41.7 0 12

Vermont Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 1

Virginia Counties 71.0 0 3.2 0 25.8 0 31

Cities 43.8 12.5 0 0 43.8 0 16

Washington Counties 41.7 16.7 8.3 0 25.0 8.3 12

Cities 63.6 4.5 9.1 4.5 18.2 0 22

West Virginia Counties 50.0 16.7 16.7 0 16.7 0 6

Cities 50.0 25.0 0 0 25.0 0 4

Wisconsin Counties 17.6 29.4 5.9 0 47.1 0 17

Cities 36.4 27.3 13.6 4.5 18.2 0 22

Wyoming Counties 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Cities 50.0 0 0 50.0 0 0 2

	How much has this federal tax policy helped your community plan for and manage growth over the last 5 years: developers can get federal tax credits for developing brownfields, which affects infill development?	Number of Cases
Alabama	Counties	53.3	6.7	0	0	40.0	0	15
Cities	40.0	10.0	0	0	50.0	0	10
Alaska	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Arizona	Counties	66.7	0	0	0	33.3	0	6
Cities	64.3	14.3	0	0	21.4	0	14
Arkansas	Counties	20.0	0	0	0	80.0	0	10
Cities	54.5	0	0	9.1	36.4	0	11
California	Counties	44.4	3.7	3.7	0	48.1	0	27
Cities	60.5	6.7	0.5	0	31.3	1.0	195
Colorado	Counties	80.0	0	0	0	20.0	0	10
Cities	61.1	0	11.1	5.6	22.2	0	18
Connecticut	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	33.3	8.3	33.3	0	16.7	8.3	12
Delaware	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	2
Cities	33.3	33.3	0	0	33.3	0	3
District of Columbia	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	0	0	0	0	100.0	0	1
Florida	Counties	55.2	10.3	3.4	0	31.0	0	29
Cities	54.1	6.6	3.3	1.6	31.1	3.3	61
Georgia	Counties	50.0	0	2.6	0	47.4	0	38
Cities	53.8	15.4	7.7	0	23.1	0	13
Idaho	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	2
Cities	80.0	0	0	0	20.0	0	5
Illinois	Counties	55.0	15.0	0	0	30.0	0	20
Cities	51.6	19.4	8.1	1.6	19.4	0	62
Indiana	Counties	53.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	34.6	0	26
Cities	45.0	10.0	20.0	5.0	20.0	0	20
Iowa	Counties	14.3	42.9	14.3	14.3	14.3	0	7
Cities	56.3	18.8	0	6.3	18.8	0	16
Kansas	Counties	42.9	14.3	14.3	0	28.6	0	7
Cities	66.7	16.7	0	8.3	8.3	0	12
Kentucky	Counties	45.5	0	9.1	0	45.5	0	11
Cities	75.0	0	0	0	25.0	0	8
Louisiana	Counties	42.9	0	0	0	50.0	7.1	14
Cities	30.0	20.0	0	0	50.0	0	10
Maine	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	0	0	50.0	50.0	0	0	2
Maryland	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	10
Cities	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	6
Massachusetts	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	33.3	23.3	13.3	6.7	16.7	6.7	30
Michigan	Counties	10.0	20.0	30.0	10.0	30.0	0	20
Cities	27.3	18.2	18.2	12.1	24.2	0	33
Minnesota	Counties	46.7	13.3	6.7	0	33.3	0	15
Cities	44.0	12.0	16.0	0	28.0	0	25
Mississippi	Counties	22.2	11.1	0	11.1	55.6	0	9
Cities	33.3	11.1	11.1	11.1	22.2	11.1	9
Missouri	Counties	22.2	22.2	5.6	0	44.4	5.6	18
Cities	38.9	11.1	11.1	5.6	33.3	0	18
Montana	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	2
Cities	20.0	0	0	0	80.0	0	5
Nebraska	Counties	16.7	0	0	0	83.3	0	6
Cities	60.0	0	20.0	0	20.0	0	5
Nevada	Counties	0	50.0	0	0	50.0	0	2
Cities	50.0	33.3	0	0	16.7	0	6
New Hampshire	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	60.0	20.0	0	0	20.0	0	5
New Jersey	Counties	23.1	30.8	15.4	0	30.8	0	13
Cities	26.9	26.9	19.2	7.7	19.2	0	26
New Mexico	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	4
Cities	71.4	0	0	0	28.6	0	7
New York	Counties	50.0	10.7	0	7.1	32.1	0	28
Cities	30.0	35.0	10.0	0	20.0	5.0	20
North Carolina	Counties	53.6	3.6	0	3.6	39.3	0	28
Cities	37.5	25.0	6.3	0	31.3	0	16
North Dakota	Counties	50.0	25.0	0	0	25.0	0	4
Cities	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	4
Ohio	Counties	24.2	15.2	18.2	6.1	33.3	3.0	33
Cities	51.2	19.5	4.9	4.9	19.5	0	41
Oklahoma	Counties	10.0	0	10.0	10.0	70.0	0	10
Cities	60.0	0	10.0	0	30.0	0	10
Oregon	Counties	60.0	10.0	0	0	30.0	0	10
Cities	70.0	10.0	0	0	20.0	0	10
Pennsylvania	Counties	25.9	40.7	3.7	3.7	25.9	0	27
Cities	29.4	29.4	11.8	17.6	11.8	0	17
Rhode Island	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	33.3	66.7	0	0	0	0	3
South Carolina	Counties	28.6	42.9	0	0	21.4	7.1	14
Cities	45.5	27.3	9.1	0	18.2	0	11
South Dakota	Counties	0	0	0	0	100.0	0	1
Cities	50.0	50.0	0	0	0	0	2
Tennessee	Counties	40.9	4.5	0	4.5	50.0	0	22
Cities	50.0	14.3	7.1	0	28.6	0	14
Texas	Counties	39.5	0	0	0	52.6	7.9	38
Cities	57.5	6.8	2.7	2.7	24.7	5.5	73
Utah	Counties	75.0	25.0	0	0	0	0	4
Cities	50.0	8.3	0	0	41.7	0	12
Vermont	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	0	100.0	0	0	0	0	1
Virginia	Counties	71.0	0	3.2	0	25.8	0	31
Cities	43.8	12.5	0	0	43.8	0	16
Washington	Counties	41.7	16.7	8.3	0	25.0	8.3	12
Cities	63.6	4.5	9.1	4.5	18.2	0	22
West Virginia	Counties	50.0	16.7	16.7	0	16.7	0	6
Cities	50.0	25.0	0	0	25.0	0	4
Wisconsin	Counties	17.6	29.4	5.9	0	47.1	0	17
Cities	36.4	27.3	13.6	4.5	18.2	0	22
Wyoming	Counties	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Cities	50.0	0	0	50.0	0	0	2

Note: The percentages in each row add to 100.

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		How much has this federal tax policy helped your community plan for and manage growth over the last 5 years: developers can get federal tax credits for developing brownfields, which affects infill development?						Number of Cases
		No impact	Somewhat helpful	Very helpful	Extremely helpful	Not applicable or uncertain	No answer	Number of Cases
Alabama	Counties	53.3	6.7	0	0	40.0	0	15
Alabama	Cities	40.0	10.0	0	0	50.0	0	10
Alaska	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Alaska	Cities	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Arizona	Counties	66.7	0	0	0	33.3	0	6
Arizona	Cities	64.3	14.3	0	0	21.4	0	14
Arkansas	Counties	20.0	0	0	0	80.0	0	10
Arkansas	Cities	54.5	0	0	9.1	36.4	0	11
California	Counties	44.4	3.7	3.7	0	48.1	0	27
California	Cities	60.5	6.7	0.5	0	31.3	1.0	195
Colorado	Counties	80.0	0	0	0	20.0	0	10
Colorado	Cities	61.1	0	11.1	5.6	22.2	0	18
Connecticut	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Connecticut	Cities	33.3	8.3	33.3	0	16.7	8.3	12
Delaware	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	2
Delaware	Cities	33.3	33.3	0	0	33.3	0	3
District of Columbia	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
District of Columbia	Cities	0	0	0	0	100.0	0	1
Florida	Counties	55.2	10.3	3.4	0	31.0	0	29
Florida	Cities	54.1	6.6	3.3	1.6	31.1	3.3	61
Georgia	Counties	50.0	0	2.6	0	47.4	0	38
Georgia	Cities	53.8	15.4	7.7	0	23.1	0	13
Idaho	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	2
Idaho	Cities	80.0	0	0	0	20.0	0	5
Illinois	Counties	55.0	15.0	0	0	30.0	0	20
Illinois	Cities	51.6	19.4	8.1	1.6	19.4	0	62
Indiana	Counties	53.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	34.6	0	26
Indiana	Cities	45.0	10.0	20.0	5.0	20.0	0	20
Iowa	Counties	14.3	42.9	14.3	14.3	14.3	0	7
Iowa	Cities	56.3	18.8	0	6.3	18.8	0	16
Kansas	Counties	42.9	14.3	14.3	0	28.6	0	7
Kansas	Cities	66.7	16.7	0	8.3	8.3	0	12
Kentucky	Counties	45.5	0	9.1	0	45.5	0	11
Kentucky	Cities	75.0	0	0	0	25.0	0	8
Louisiana	Counties	42.9	0	0	0	50.0	7.1	14
Louisiana	Cities	30.0	20.0	0	0	50.0	0	10
Maine	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maine	Cities	0	0	50.0	50.0	0	0	2
Maryland	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	10
Maryland	Cities	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	6
Massachusetts	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Massachusetts	Cities	33.3	23.3	13.3	6.7	16.7	6.7	30
Michigan	Counties	10.0	20.0	30.0	10.0	30.0	0	20
Michigan	Cities	27.3	18.2	18.2	12.1	24.2	0	33
Minnesota	Counties	46.7	13.3	6.7	0	33.3	0	15
Minnesota	Cities	44.0	12.0	16.0	0	28.0	0	25
Mississippi	Counties	22.2	11.1	0	11.1	55.6	0	9
Mississippi	Cities	33.3	11.1	11.1	11.1	22.2	11.1	9
Missouri	Counties	22.2	22.2	5.6	0	44.4	5.6	18
Missouri	Cities	38.9	11.1	11.1	5.6	33.3	0	18
Montana	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	2
Montana	Cities	20.0	0	0	0	80.0	0	5
Nebraska	Counties	16.7	0	0	0	83.3	0	6
Nebraska	Cities	60.0	0	20.0	0	20.0	0	5
Nevada	Counties	0	50.0	0	0	50.0	0	2
Nevada	Cities	50.0	33.3	0	0	16.7	0	6
New Hampshire	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Hampshire	Cities	60.0	20.0	0	0	20.0	0	5
New Jersey	Counties	23.1	30.8	15.4	0	30.8	0	13
New Jersey	Cities	26.9	26.9	19.2	7.7	19.2	0	26
New Mexico	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	4
New Mexico	Cities	71.4	0	0	0	28.6	0	7
New York	Counties	50.0	10.7	0	7.1	32.1	0	28
New York	Cities	30.0	35.0	10.0	0	20.0	5.0	20
North Carolina	Counties	53.6	3.6	0	3.6	39.3	0	28
North Carolina	Cities	37.5	25.0	6.3	0	31.3	0	16
North Dakota	Counties	50.0	25.0	0	0	25.0	0	4
North Dakota	Cities	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	4
Ohio	Counties	24.2	15.2	18.2	6.1	33.3	3.0	33
Ohio	Cities	51.2	19.5	4.9	4.9	19.5	0	41
Oklahoma	Counties	10.0	0	10.0	10.0	70.0	0	10
Oklahoma	Cities	60.0	0	10.0	0	30.0	0	10
Oregon	Counties	60.0	10.0	0	0	30.0	0	10
Oregon	Cities	70.0	10.0	0	0	20.0	0	10
Pennsylvania	Counties	25.9	40.7	3.7	3.7	25.9	0	27
Pennsylvania	Cities	29.4	29.4	11.8	17.6	11.8	0	17
Rhode Island	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rhode Island	Cities	33.3	66.7	0	0	0	0	3
South Carolina	Counties	28.6	42.9	0	0	21.4	7.1	14
South Carolina	Cities	45.5	27.3	9.1	0	18.2	0	11
South Dakota	Counties	0	0	0	0	100.0	0	1
South Dakota	Cities	50.0	50.0	0	0	0	0	2
Tennessee	Counties	40.9	4.5	0	4.5	50.0	0	22
Tennessee	Cities	50.0	14.3	7.1	0	28.6	0	14
Texas	Counties	39.5	0	0	0	52.6	7.9	38
Texas	Cities	57.5	6.8	2.7	2.7	24.7	5.5	73
Utah	Counties	75.0	25.0	0	0	0	0	4
Utah	Cities	50.0	8.3	0	0	41.7	0	12
Vermont	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vermont	Cities	0	100.0	0	0	0	0	1
Virginia	Counties	71.0	0	3.2	0	25.8	0	31
Virginia	Cities	43.8	12.5	0	0	43.8	0	16
Washington	Counties	41.7	16.7	8.3	0	25.0	8.3	12
Washington	Cities	63.6	4.5	9.1	4.5	18.2	0	22
West Virginia	Counties	50.0	16.7	16.7	0	16.7	0	6
West Virginia	Cities	50.0	25.0	0	0	25.0	0	4
Wisconsin	Counties	17.6	29.4	5.9	0	47.1	0	17
Wisconsin	Cities	36.4	27.3	13.6	4.5	18.2	0	22
Wyoming	Counties	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Wyoming	Cities	50.0	0	0	50.0	0	0	2