Survey of Local Growth Issues

Survey of Local Growth Issues (RCED-00-272, September 2000)

How much has this federal tax policy helped your community plan for and manage growth over the last 5 years: developers can get federal tax credits for low-income and affordable housing projects, which affects the amount of affordable housing? Number of Cases

No impact Somewhat helpful Very helpful Extremely helpful Not applicable or uncertain No answer

Alabama Counties 20.0 26.7 6.7 0 46.7 0 15

Cities 30.0 40.0 30.0 0 0 0 10

Alaska Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 1

Arizona Counties 33.3 16.7 33.3 0 16.7 0 6

Cities 21.4 64.3 14.3 0 0 0 14

Arkansas Counties 10.0 10.0 20.0 0 60.0 0 10

Cities 0 54.5 27.3 18.2 0 0 11

California Counties 7.4 40.7 14.8 18.5 18.5 0 27

Cities 12.3 29.7 32.8 17.9 6.7 0.5 195

Colorado Counties 30.0 40.0 10.0 0 20.0 0 10

Cities 0 50.0 16.7 22.2 11.1 0 18

Connecticut Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 25.0 25.0 16.7 16.7 16.7 0 12

Delaware Counties 50.0 0 0 0 50.0 0 2

Cities 66.7 33.3 0 0 0 0 3

District of Columbia Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 1

Florida Counties 10.3 34.5 24.1 6.9 20.7 3.4 29

Cities 21.3 29.5 23.0 1.6 16.4 8.2 61

Georgia Counties 23.7 31.6 15.8 0 28.9 0 38

Cities 30.8 23.1 30.8 15.4 0 0 13

Idaho Counties 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 2

Cities 0 60.0 20.0 0 20.0 0 5

Illinois Counties 25.0 35.0 25.0 0 15.0 0 20

Cities 38.7 33.9 14.5 4.8 8.1 0 62

Indiana Counties 23.1 34.6 11.5 3.8 23.1 3.8 26

Cities 5.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 5.0 0 20

Iowa Counties 0 14.3 28.6 42.9 14.3 0 7

Cities 0 56.3 25.0 12.5 6.3 0 16

Kansas Counties 14.3 42.9 14.3 14.3 14.3 0 7

Cities 8.3 33.3 25.0 16.7 16.7 0 12

Kentucky Counties 45.5 36.4 0 0 9.1 9.1 11

Cities 12.5 37.5 12.5 12.5 25.0 0 8

Louisiana Counties 21.4 42.9 14.3 7.1 14.3 0 14

Cities 0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0 10

Maine Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 0 0 50.0 50.0 0 0 2

Maryland Counties 30.0 40.0 0 10.0 20.0 0 10

Cities 33.3 33.3 33.3 0 0 0 6

Massachusetts Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 20.0 36.7 26.7 10.0 0 6.7 30

Michigan Counties 15.0 35.0 25.0 5.0 20.0 0 20

Cities 33.3 24.2 15.2 15.2 12.1 0 33

Minnesota Counties 13.3 40.0 20.0 0 26.7 0 15

Cities 8.0 28.0 44.0 12.0 8.0 0 25

Mississippi Counties 22.2 22.2 11.1 11.1 33.3 0 9

Cities 0 33.3 22.2 33.3 0 11.1 9

Missouri Counties 22.2 44.4 5.6 0 22.2 5.6 18

Cities 16.7 38.9 33.3 11.1 0 0 18

Montana Counties 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 2

Cities 20.0 40.0 40.0 0 0 0 5

Nebraska Counties 16.7 16.7 33.3 0 33.3 0 6

Cities 0 40.0 40.0 0 20.0 0 5

Nevada Counties 50.0 0 0 50.0 0 0 2

Cities 33.3 16.7 16.7 33.3 0 0 6

New Hampshire Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 0 60.0 20.0 20.0 0 0 5

New Jersey Counties 15.4 38.5 15.4 0 30.8 0 13

Cities 7.7 30.8 19.2 23.1 19.2 0 26

New Mexico Counties 50.0 25.0 25.0 0 0 0 4

Cities 0 85.7 14.3 0 0 0 7

New York Counties 25.0 32.1 14.3 10.7 17.9 0 28

Cities 5.0 40.0 20.0 20.0 5.0 10.0 20

North Carolina Counties 35.7 25.0 10.7 3.6 25.0 0 28

Cities 6.3 56.3 25.0 12.5 0 0 16

North Dakota Counties 25.0 25.0 50.0 0 0 0 4

Cities 0 25.0 50.0 0 25.0 0 4

Ohio Counties 15.2 42.4 18.2 3.0 18.2 3.0 33

Cities 22.0 31.7 22.0 9.8 9.8 4.9 41

Oklahoma Counties 0 30.0 20.0 10.0 40.0 0 10

Cities 20.0 20.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0 10

Oregon Counties 10.0 80.0 0 10.0 0 0 10

Cities 10.0 50.0 30.0 0 10.0 0 10

Pennsylvania Counties 3.7 55.6 18.5 11.1 11.1 0 27

Cities 11.8 29.4 41.2 5.9 11.8 0 17

Rhode Island Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 33.3 0 66.7 0 0 0 3

South Carolina Counties 0 57.1 7.1 0 28.6 7.1 14

Cities 18.2 45.5 9.1 27.3 0 0 11

South Dakota Counties 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 1

Cities 0 0 100.0 0 0 0 2

Tennessee Counties 22.7 13.6 27.3 0 36.4 0 22

Cities 28.6 50.0 14.3 0 7.1 0 14

Texas Counties 7.9 28.9 15.8 5.3 36.8 5.3 38

Cities 28.8 27.4 17.8 9.6 11.0 5.5 73

Utah Counties 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 0 0 4

Cities 0 58.3 33.3 0 8.3 0 12

Vermont Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 1

Virginia Counties 29.0 41.9 6.5 3.2 19.4 0 31

Cities 6.3 37.5 25.0 12.5 18.8 0 16

Washington Counties 0 33.3 25.0 25.0 8.3 8.3 12

Cities 13.6 45.5 22.7 13.6 4.5 0 22

West Virginia Counties 16.7 50.0 33.3 0 0 0 6

Cities 25.0 0 25.0 50.0 0 0 4

Wisconsin Counties 11.8 29.4 17.6 0 41.2 0 17

Cities 13.6 31.8 45.5 9.1 0 0 22

Wyoming Counties 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 1

Cities 0 50.0 50.0 0 0 0 2

	How much has this federal tax policy helped your community plan for and manage growth over the last 5 years: developers can get federal tax credits for low-income and affordable housing projects, which affects the amount of affordable housing?	Number of Cases
Alabama	Counties	20.0	26.7	6.7	0	46.7	0	15
Cities	30.0	40.0	30.0	0	0	0	10
Alaska	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	0	100.0	0	0	0	0	1
Arizona	Counties	33.3	16.7	33.3	0	16.7	0	6
Cities	21.4	64.3	14.3	0	0	0	14
Arkansas	Counties	10.0	10.0	20.0	0	60.0	0	10
Cities	0	54.5	27.3	18.2	0	0	11
California	Counties	7.4	40.7	14.8	18.5	18.5	0	27
Cities	12.3	29.7	32.8	17.9	6.7	0.5	195
Colorado	Counties	30.0	40.0	10.0	0	20.0	0	10
Cities	0	50.0	16.7	22.2	11.1	0	18
Connecticut	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	25.0	25.0	16.7	16.7	16.7	0	12
Delaware	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	2
Cities	66.7	33.3	0	0	0	0	3
District of Columbia	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	0	100.0	0	0	0	0	1
Florida	Counties	10.3	34.5	24.1	6.9	20.7	3.4	29
Cities	21.3	29.5	23.0	1.6	16.4	8.2	61
Georgia	Counties	23.7	31.6	15.8	0	28.9	0	38
Cities	30.8	23.1	30.8	15.4	0	0	13
Idaho	Counties	0	0	0	0	100.0	0	2
Cities	0	60.0	20.0	0	20.0	0	5
Illinois	Counties	25.0	35.0	25.0	0	15.0	0	20
Cities	38.7	33.9	14.5	4.8	8.1	0	62
Indiana	Counties	23.1	34.6	11.5	3.8	23.1	3.8	26
Cities	5.0	35.0	30.0	25.0	5.0	0	20
Iowa	Counties	0	14.3	28.6	42.9	14.3	0	7
Cities	0	56.3	25.0	12.5	6.3	0	16
Kansas	Counties	14.3	42.9	14.3	14.3	14.3	0	7
Cities	8.3	33.3	25.0	16.7	16.7	0	12
Kentucky	Counties	45.5	36.4	0	0	9.1	9.1	11
Cities	12.5	37.5	12.5	12.5	25.0	0	8
Louisiana	Counties	21.4	42.9	14.3	7.1	14.3	0	14
Cities	0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0	0	10
Maine	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	0	0	50.0	50.0	0	0	2
Maryland	Counties	30.0	40.0	0	10.0	20.0	0	10
Cities	33.3	33.3	33.3	0	0	0	6
Massachusetts	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	20.0	36.7	26.7	10.0	0	6.7	30
Michigan	Counties	15.0	35.0	25.0	5.0	20.0	0	20
Cities	33.3	24.2	15.2	15.2	12.1	0	33
Minnesota	Counties	13.3	40.0	20.0	0	26.7	0	15
Cities	8.0	28.0	44.0	12.0	8.0	0	25
Mississippi	Counties	22.2	22.2	11.1	11.1	33.3	0	9
Cities	0	33.3	22.2	33.3	0	11.1	9
Missouri	Counties	22.2	44.4	5.6	0	22.2	5.6	18
Cities	16.7	38.9	33.3	11.1	0	0	18
Montana	Counties	0	100.0	0	0	0	0	2
Cities	20.0	40.0	40.0	0	0	0	5
Nebraska	Counties	16.7	16.7	33.3	0	33.3	0	6
Cities	0	40.0	40.0	0	20.0	0	5
Nevada	Counties	50.0	0	0	50.0	0	0	2
Cities	33.3	16.7	16.7	33.3	0	0	6
New Hampshire	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	0	60.0	20.0	20.0	0	0	5
New Jersey	Counties	15.4	38.5	15.4	0	30.8	0	13
Cities	7.7	30.8	19.2	23.1	19.2	0	26
New Mexico	Counties	50.0	25.0	25.0	0	0	0	4
Cities	0	85.7	14.3	0	0	0	7
New York	Counties	25.0	32.1	14.3	10.7	17.9	0	28
Cities	5.0	40.0	20.0	20.0	5.0	10.0	20
North Carolina	Counties	35.7	25.0	10.7	3.6	25.0	0	28
Cities	6.3	56.3	25.0	12.5	0	0	16
North Dakota	Counties	25.0	25.0	50.0	0	0	0	4
Cities	0	25.0	50.0	0	25.0	0	4
Ohio	Counties	15.2	42.4	18.2	3.0	18.2	3.0	33
Cities	22.0	31.7	22.0	9.8	9.8	4.9	41
Oklahoma	Counties	0	30.0	20.0	10.0	40.0	0	10
Cities	20.0	20.0	30.0	20.0	10.0	0	10
Oregon	Counties	10.0	80.0	0	10.0	0	0	10
Cities	10.0	50.0	30.0	0	10.0	0	10
Pennsylvania	Counties	3.7	55.6	18.5	11.1	11.1	0	27
Cities	11.8	29.4	41.2	5.9	11.8	0	17
Rhode Island	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	33.3	0	66.7	0	0	0	3
South Carolina	Counties	0	57.1	7.1	0	28.6	7.1	14
Cities	18.2	45.5	9.1	27.3	0	0	11
South Dakota	Counties	0	0	0	0	100.0	0	1
Cities	0	0	100.0	0	0	0	2
Tennessee	Counties	22.7	13.6	27.3	0	36.4	0	22
Cities	28.6	50.0	14.3	0	7.1	0	14
Texas	Counties	7.9	28.9	15.8	5.3	36.8	5.3	38
Cities	28.8	27.4	17.8	9.6	11.0	5.5	73
Utah	Counties	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	0	0	4
Cities	0	58.3	33.3	0	8.3	0	12
Vermont	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	0	0	0	100.0	0	0	1
Virginia	Counties	29.0	41.9	6.5	3.2	19.4	0	31
Cities	6.3	37.5	25.0	12.5	18.8	0	16
Washington	Counties	0	33.3	25.0	25.0	8.3	8.3	12
Cities	13.6	45.5	22.7	13.6	4.5	0	22
West Virginia	Counties	16.7	50.0	33.3	0	0	0	6
Cities	25.0	0	25.0	50.0	0	0	4
Wisconsin	Counties	11.8	29.4	17.6	0	41.2	0	17
Cities	13.6	31.8	45.5	9.1	0	0	22
Wyoming	Counties	0	100.0	0	0	0	0	1
Cities	0	50.0	50.0	0	0	0	2

Note: The percentages in each row add to 100.

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		How much has this federal tax policy helped your community plan for and manage growth over the last 5 years: developers can get federal tax credits for low-income and affordable housing projects, which affects the amount of affordable housing?						Number of Cases
		No impact	Somewhat helpful	Very helpful	Extremely helpful	Not applicable or uncertain	No answer	Number of Cases
Alabama	Counties	20.0	26.7	6.7	0	46.7	0	15
Alabama	Cities	30.0	40.0	30.0	0	0	0	10
Alaska	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Alaska	Cities	0	100.0	0	0	0	0	1
Arizona	Counties	33.3	16.7	33.3	0	16.7	0	6
Arizona	Cities	21.4	64.3	14.3	0	0	0	14
Arkansas	Counties	10.0	10.0	20.0	0	60.0	0	10
Arkansas	Cities	0	54.5	27.3	18.2	0	0	11
California	Counties	7.4	40.7	14.8	18.5	18.5	0	27
California	Cities	12.3	29.7	32.8	17.9	6.7	0.5	195
Colorado	Counties	30.0	40.0	10.0	0	20.0	0	10
Colorado	Cities	0	50.0	16.7	22.2	11.1	0	18
Connecticut	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Connecticut	Cities	25.0	25.0	16.7	16.7	16.7	0	12
Delaware	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	2
Delaware	Cities	66.7	33.3	0	0	0	0	3
District of Columbia	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
District of Columbia	Cities	0	100.0	0	0	0	0	1
Florida	Counties	10.3	34.5	24.1	6.9	20.7	3.4	29
Florida	Cities	21.3	29.5	23.0	1.6	16.4	8.2	61
Georgia	Counties	23.7	31.6	15.8	0	28.9	0	38
Georgia	Cities	30.8	23.1	30.8	15.4	0	0	13
Idaho	Counties	0	0	0	0	100.0	0	2
Idaho	Cities	0	60.0	20.0	0	20.0	0	5
Illinois	Counties	25.0	35.0	25.0	0	15.0	0	20
Illinois	Cities	38.7	33.9	14.5	4.8	8.1	0	62
Indiana	Counties	23.1	34.6	11.5	3.8	23.1	3.8	26
Indiana	Cities	5.0	35.0	30.0	25.0	5.0	0	20
Iowa	Counties	0	14.3	28.6	42.9	14.3	0	7
Iowa	Cities	0	56.3	25.0	12.5	6.3	0	16
Kansas	Counties	14.3	42.9	14.3	14.3	14.3	0	7
Kansas	Cities	8.3	33.3	25.0	16.7	16.7	0	12
Kentucky	Counties	45.5	36.4	0	0	9.1	9.1	11
Kentucky	Cities	12.5	37.5	12.5	12.5	25.0	0	8
Louisiana	Counties	21.4	42.9	14.3	7.1	14.3	0	14
Louisiana	Cities	0	40.0	30.0	20.0	10.0	0	10
Maine	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maine	Cities	0	0	50.0	50.0	0	0	2
Maryland	Counties	30.0	40.0	0	10.0	20.0	0	10
Maryland	Cities	33.3	33.3	33.3	0	0	0	6
Massachusetts	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Massachusetts	Cities	20.0	36.7	26.7	10.0	0	6.7	30
Michigan	Counties	15.0	35.0	25.0	5.0	20.0	0	20
Michigan	Cities	33.3	24.2	15.2	15.2	12.1	0	33
Minnesota	Counties	13.3	40.0	20.0	0	26.7	0	15
Minnesota	Cities	8.0	28.0	44.0	12.0	8.0	0	25
Mississippi	Counties	22.2	22.2	11.1	11.1	33.3	0	9
Mississippi	Cities	0	33.3	22.2	33.3	0	11.1	9
Missouri	Counties	22.2	44.4	5.6	0	22.2	5.6	18
Missouri	Cities	16.7	38.9	33.3	11.1	0	0	18
Montana	Counties	0	100.0	0	0	0	0	2
Montana	Cities	20.0	40.0	40.0	0	0	0	5
Nebraska	Counties	16.7	16.7	33.3	0	33.3	0	6
Nebraska	Cities	0	40.0	40.0	0	20.0	0	5
Nevada	Counties	50.0	0	0	50.0	0	0	2
Nevada	Cities	33.3	16.7	16.7	33.3	0	0	6
New Hampshire	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Hampshire	Cities	0	60.0	20.0	20.0	0	0	5
New Jersey	Counties	15.4	38.5	15.4	0	30.8	0	13
New Jersey	Cities	7.7	30.8	19.2	23.1	19.2	0	26
New Mexico	Counties	50.0	25.0	25.0	0	0	0	4
New Mexico	Cities	0	85.7	14.3	0	0	0	7
New York	Counties	25.0	32.1	14.3	10.7	17.9	0	28
New York	Cities	5.0	40.0	20.0	20.0	5.0	10.0	20
North Carolina	Counties	35.7	25.0	10.7	3.6	25.0	0	28
North Carolina	Cities	6.3	56.3	25.0	12.5	0	0	16
North Dakota	Counties	25.0	25.0	50.0	0	0	0	4
North Dakota	Cities	0	25.0	50.0	0	25.0	0	4
Ohio	Counties	15.2	42.4	18.2	3.0	18.2	3.0	33
Ohio	Cities	22.0	31.7	22.0	9.8	9.8	4.9	41
Oklahoma	Counties	0	30.0	20.0	10.0	40.0	0	10
Oklahoma	Cities	20.0	20.0	30.0	20.0	10.0	0	10
Oregon	Counties	10.0	80.0	0	10.0	0	0	10
Oregon	Cities	10.0	50.0	30.0	0	10.0	0	10
Pennsylvania	Counties	3.7	55.6	18.5	11.1	11.1	0	27
Pennsylvania	Cities	11.8	29.4	41.2	5.9	11.8	0	17
Rhode Island	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rhode Island	Cities	33.3	0	66.7	0	0	0	3
South Carolina	Counties	0	57.1	7.1	0	28.6	7.1	14
South Carolina	Cities	18.2	45.5	9.1	27.3	0	0	11
South Dakota	Counties	0	0	0	0	100.0	0	1
South Dakota	Cities	0	0	100.0	0	0	0	2
Tennessee	Counties	22.7	13.6	27.3	0	36.4	0	22
Tennessee	Cities	28.6	50.0	14.3	0	7.1	0	14
Texas	Counties	7.9	28.9	15.8	5.3	36.8	5.3	38
Texas	Cities	28.8	27.4	17.8	9.6	11.0	5.5	73
Utah	Counties	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	0	0	4
Utah	Cities	0	58.3	33.3	0	8.3	0	12
Vermont	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vermont	Cities	0	0	0	100.0	0	0	1
Virginia	Counties	29.0	41.9	6.5	3.2	19.4	0	31
Virginia	Cities	6.3	37.5	25.0	12.5	18.8	0	16
Washington	Counties	0	33.3	25.0	25.0	8.3	8.3	12
Washington	Cities	13.6	45.5	22.7	13.6	4.5	0	22
West Virginia	Counties	16.7	50.0	33.3	0	0	0	6
West Virginia	Cities	25.0	0	25.0	50.0	0	0	4
Wisconsin	Counties	11.8	29.4	17.6	0	41.2	0	17
Wisconsin	Cities	13.6	31.8	45.5	9.1	0	0	22
Wyoming	Counties	0	100.0	0	0	0	0	1
Wyoming	Cities	0	50.0	50.0	0	0	0	2