Survey of Local Growth Issues

Survey of Local Growth Issues (RCED-00-272, September 2000)

How much has this federal tax policy helped your community plan for and manage growth over the last 5 years: landowners receive tax benefits if they donate land or development rights for conservation purposes, which affects the preservation of open spaces Number of Cases

No impact Somewhat helpful Very helpful Extremely helpful Not applicable or uncertain No answer

Alabama Counties 40.0 20.0 0 0 40.0 0 15

Cities 30.0 30.0 10.0 0 30.0 0 10

Alaska Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Arizona Counties 33.3 16.7 16.7 0 33.3 0 6

Cities 50.0 28.6 0 7.1 14.3 0 14

Arkansas Counties 20.0 0 10.0 0 70.0 0 10

Cities 36.4 36.4 0 0 18.2 9.1 11

California Counties 11.1 37.0 11.1 11.1 29.6 0 27

Cities 50.8 13.3 6.7 4.1 24.6 0.5 195

Colorado Counties 30.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 10.0 0 10

Cities 27.8 33.3 11.1 11.1 16.7 0 18

Connecticut Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 33.3 25.0 8.3 0 33.3 0 12

Delaware Counties 0 50.0 50.0 0 0 0 2

Cities 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 3

District of Columbia Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 1

Florida Counties 31.0 31.0 13.8 0 24.1 0 29

Cities 44.3 13.1 3.3 1.6 34.4 3.3 61

Georgia Counties 23.7 31.6 7.9 2.6 34.2 0 38

Cities 30.8 15.4 15.4 0 30.8 7.7 13

Idaho Counties 50.0 50.0 0 0 0 0 2

Cities 60.0 0 0 20.0 20.0 0 5

Illinois Counties 25.0 40.0 15.0 5.0 15.0 0 20

Cities 50.0 21.0 4.8 1.6 22.6 0 62

Indiana Counties 42.3 15.4 7.7 7.7 26.9 0 26

Cities 55.0 10.0 0 10.0 25.0 0 20

Iowa Counties 0 28.6 42.9 14.3 14.3 0 7

Cities 62.5 31.3 6.3 0 0 0 16

Kansas Counties 42.9 14.3 0 0 42.9 0 7

Cities 50.0 33.3 8.3 0 8.3 0 12

Kentucky Counties 36.4 9.1 18.2 0 18.2 18.2 11

Cities 75.0 0 0 0 25.0 0 8

Louisiana Counties 28.6 21.4 0 7.1 42.9 0 14

Cities 30.0 30.0 0 0 40.0 0 10

Maine Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 2

Maryland Counties 10.0 60.0 10.0 0 20.0 0 10

Cities 33.3 33.3 0 0 33.3 0 6

Massachusetts Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 43.3 20.0 13.3 3.3 13.3 6.7 30

Michigan Counties 15.0 30.0 10.0 0 45.0 0 20

Cities 51.5 9.1 0 0 39.4 0 33

Minnesota Counties 20.0 46.7 13.3 6.7 13.3 0 15

Cities 40.0 28.0 8.0 0 24.0 0 25

Mississippi Counties 33.3 11.1 11.1 0 44.4 0 9

Cities 44.4 11.1 0 11.1 22.2 11.1 9

Missouri Counties 44.4 22.2 0 5.6 22.2 5.6 18

Cities 33.3 38.9 5.6 11.1 5.6 5.6 18

Montana Counties 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 2

Cities 40.0 40.0 0 0 20.0 0 5

Nebraska Counties 33.3 33.3 0 0 33.3 0 6

Cities 20.0 20.0 20.0 0 40.0 0 5

Nevada Counties 50.0 0 0 0 50.0 0 2

Cities 33.3 0 16.7 0 50.0 0 6

New Hampshire Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 40.0 40.0 0 0 20.0 0 5

New Jersey Counties 15.4 30.8 30.8 7.7 15.4 0 13

Cities 50.0 3.8 0 0 46.2 0 26

New Mexico Counties 25.0 25.0 0 0 50.0 0 4

Cities 71.4 0 0 0 28.6 0 7

New York Counties 28.6 25.0 10.7 3.6 32.1 0 28

Cities 60.0 15.0 5.0 0 15.0 5.0 20

North Carolina Counties 28.6 32.1 7.1 3.6 28.6 0 28

Cities 31.3 25.0 6.3 6.3 31.3 0 16

North Dakota Counties 0 25.0 25.0 0 25.0 25.0 4

Cities 50.0 25.0 0 0 25.0 0 4

Ohio Counties 33.3 15.2 9.1 0 39.4 3.0 33

Cities 51.2 24.4 2.4 4.9 17.1 0 41

Oklahoma Counties 10.0 0 0 10.0 80.0 0 10

Cities 40.0 20.0 0 20.0 20.0 0 10

Oregon Counties 50.0 30.0 0 0 20.0 0 10

Cities 40.0 20.0 20.0 10.0 10.0 0 10

Pennsylvania Counties 14.8 40.7 7.4 25.9 11.1 0 27

Cities 76.5 5.9 0 5.9 11.8 0 17

Rhode Island Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 33.3 0 33.3 0 0 33.3 3

South Carolina Counties 14.3 35.7 0 21.4 21.4 7.1 14

Cities 45.5 18.2 9.1 0 27.3 0 11

South Dakota Counties 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 1

Cities 50.0 0 50.0 0 0 0 2

Tennessee Counties 40.9 18.2 9.1 0 31.8 0 22

Cities 35.7 42.9 0 0 21.4 0 14

Texas Counties 28.9 10.5 0 2.6 52.6 5.3 38

Cities 46.6 11.0 4.1 2.7 30.1 5.5 73

Utah Counties 25.0 75.0 0 0 0 0 4

Cities 33.3 16.7 25.0 8.3 16.7 0 12

Vermont Counties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cities 0 0 100.0 0 0 0 1

Virginia Counties 29.0 35.5 9.7 6.5 19.4 0 31

Cities 50.0 25.0 6.3 0 18.8 0 16

Washington Counties 0 58.3 33.3 0 0 8.3 12

Cities 27.3 45.5 4.5 4.5 18.2 0 22

West Virginia Counties 50.0 0 0 0 50.0 0 6

Cities 75.0 0 0 0 25.0 0 4

Wisconsin Counties 23.5 23.5 11.8 5.9 35.3 0 17

Cities 45.5 22.7 9.1 0 22.7 0 22

Wyoming Counties 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Cities 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 2

	How much has this federal tax policy helped your community plan for and manage growth over the last 5 years: landowners receive tax benefits if they donate land or development rights for conservation purposes, which affects the preservation of open spaces	Number of Cases
Alabama	Counties	40.0	20.0	0	0	40.0	0	15
Cities	30.0	30.0	10.0	0	30.0	0	10
Alaska	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Arizona	Counties	33.3	16.7	16.7	0	33.3	0	6
Cities	50.0	28.6	0	7.1	14.3	0	14
Arkansas	Counties	20.0	0	10.0	0	70.0	0	10
Cities	36.4	36.4	0	0	18.2	9.1	11
California	Counties	11.1	37.0	11.1	11.1	29.6	0	27
Cities	50.8	13.3	6.7	4.1	24.6	0.5	195
Colorado	Counties	30.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	10.0	0	10
Cities	27.8	33.3	11.1	11.1	16.7	0	18
Connecticut	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	33.3	25.0	8.3	0	33.3	0	12
Delaware	Counties	0	50.0	50.0	0	0	0	2
Cities	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	3
District of Columbia	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	0	0	0	0	100.0	0	1
Florida	Counties	31.0	31.0	13.8	0	24.1	0	29
Cities	44.3	13.1	3.3	1.6	34.4	3.3	61
Georgia	Counties	23.7	31.6	7.9	2.6	34.2	0	38
Cities	30.8	15.4	15.4	0	30.8	7.7	13
Idaho	Counties	50.0	50.0	0	0	0	0	2
Cities	60.0	0	0	20.0	20.0	0	5
Illinois	Counties	25.0	40.0	15.0	5.0	15.0	0	20
Cities	50.0	21.0	4.8	1.6	22.6	0	62
Indiana	Counties	42.3	15.4	7.7	7.7	26.9	0	26
Cities	55.0	10.0	0	10.0	25.0	0	20
Iowa	Counties	0	28.6	42.9	14.3	14.3	0	7
Cities	62.5	31.3	6.3	0	0	0	16
Kansas	Counties	42.9	14.3	0	0	42.9	0	7
Cities	50.0	33.3	8.3	0	8.3	0	12
Kentucky	Counties	36.4	9.1	18.2	0	18.2	18.2	11
Cities	75.0	0	0	0	25.0	0	8
Louisiana	Counties	28.6	21.4	0	7.1	42.9	0	14
Cities	30.0	30.0	0	0	40.0	0	10
Maine	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	0	0	0	0	100.0	0	2
Maryland	Counties	10.0	60.0	10.0	0	20.0	0	10
Cities	33.3	33.3	0	0	33.3	0	6
Massachusetts	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	43.3	20.0	13.3	3.3	13.3	6.7	30
Michigan	Counties	15.0	30.0	10.0	0	45.0	0	20
Cities	51.5	9.1	0	0	39.4	0	33
Minnesota	Counties	20.0	46.7	13.3	6.7	13.3	0	15
Cities	40.0	28.0	8.0	0	24.0	0	25
Mississippi	Counties	33.3	11.1	11.1	0	44.4	0	9
Cities	44.4	11.1	0	11.1	22.2	11.1	9
Missouri	Counties	44.4	22.2	0	5.6	22.2	5.6	18
Cities	33.3	38.9	5.6	11.1	5.6	5.6	18
Montana	Counties	0	100.0	0	0	0	0	2
Cities	40.0	40.0	0	0	20.0	0	5
Nebraska	Counties	33.3	33.3	0	0	33.3	0	6
Cities	20.0	20.0	20.0	0	40.0	0	5
Nevada	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	2
Cities	33.3	0	16.7	0	50.0	0	6
New Hampshire	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	40.0	40.0	0	0	20.0	0	5
New Jersey	Counties	15.4	30.8	30.8	7.7	15.4	0	13
Cities	50.0	3.8	0	0	46.2	0	26
New Mexico	Counties	25.0	25.0	0	0	50.0	0	4
Cities	71.4	0	0	0	28.6	0	7
New York	Counties	28.6	25.0	10.7	3.6	32.1	0	28
Cities	60.0	15.0	5.0	0	15.0	5.0	20
North Carolina	Counties	28.6	32.1	7.1	3.6	28.6	0	28
Cities	31.3	25.0	6.3	6.3	31.3	0	16
North Dakota	Counties	0	25.0	25.0	0	25.0	25.0	4
Cities	50.0	25.0	0	0	25.0	0	4
Ohio	Counties	33.3	15.2	9.1	0	39.4	3.0	33
Cities	51.2	24.4	2.4	4.9	17.1	0	41
Oklahoma	Counties	10.0	0	0	10.0	80.0	0	10
Cities	40.0	20.0	0	20.0	20.0	0	10
Oregon	Counties	50.0	30.0	0	0	20.0	0	10
Cities	40.0	20.0	20.0	10.0	10.0	0	10
Pennsylvania	Counties	14.8	40.7	7.4	25.9	11.1	0	27
Cities	76.5	5.9	0	5.9	11.8	0	17
Rhode Island	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	33.3	0	33.3	0	0	33.3	3
South Carolina	Counties	14.3	35.7	0	21.4	21.4	7.1	14
Cities	45.5	18.2	9.1	0	27.3	0	11
South Dakota	Counties	0	0	0	0	100.0	0	1
Cities	50.0	0	50.0	0	0	0	2
Tennessee	Counties	40.9	18.2	9.1	0	31.8	0	22
Cities	35.7	42.9	0	0	21.4	0	14
Texas	Counties	28.9	10.5	0	2.6	52.6	5.3	38
Cities	46.6	11.0	4.1	2.7	30.1	5.5	73
Utah	Counties	25.0	75.0	0	0	0	0	4
Cities	33.3	16.7	25.0	8.3	16.7	0	12
Vermont	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cities	0	0	100.0	0	0	0	1
Virginia	Counties	29.0	35.5	9.7	6.5	19.4	0	31
Cities	50.0	25.0	6.3	0	18.8	0	16
Washington	Counties	0	58.3	33.3	0	0	8.3	12
Cities	27.3	45.5	4.5	4.5	18.2	0	22
West Virginia	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	6
Cities	75.0	0	0	0	25.0	0	4
Wisconsin	Counties	23.5	23.5	11.8	5.9	35.3	0	17
Cities	45.5	22.7	9.1	0	22.7	0	22
Wyoming	Counties	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Cities	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	2

Note: The percentages in each row add to 100.

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		How much has this federal tax policy helped your community plan for and manage growth over the last 5 years: landowners receive tax benefits if they donate land or development rights for conservation purposes, which affects the preservation of open spaces						Number of Cases
		No impact	Somewhat helpful	Very helpful	Extremely helpful	Not applicable or uncertain	No answer	Number of Cases
Alabama	Counties	40.0	20.0	0	0	40.0	0	15
Alabama	Cities	30.0	30.0	10.0	0	30.0	0	10
Alaska	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Alaska	Cities	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Arizona	Counties	33.3	16.7	16.7	0	33.3	0	6
Arizona	Cities	50.0	28.6	0	7.1	14.3	0	14
Arkansas	Counties	20.0	0	10.0	0	70.0	0	10
Arkansas	Cities	36.4	36.4	0	0	18.2	9.1	11
California	Counties	11.1	37.0	11.1	11.1	29.6	0	27
California	Cities	50.8	13.3	6.7	4.1	24.6	0.5	195
Colorado	Counties	30.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	10.0	0	10
Colorado	Cities	27.8	33.3	11.1	11.1	16.7	0	18
Connecticut	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Connecticut	Cities	33.3	25.0	8.3	0	33.3	0	12
Delaware	Counties	0	50.0	50.0	0	0	0	2
Delaware	Cities	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	3
District of Columbia	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
District of Columbia	Cities	0	0	0	0	100.0	0	1
Florida	Counties	31.0	31.0	13.8	0	24.1	0	29
Florida	Cities	44.3	13.1	3.3	1.6	34.4	3.3	61
Georgia	Counties	23.7	31.6	7.9	2.6	34.2	0	38
Georgia	Cities	30.8	15.4	15.4	0	30.8	7.7	13
Idaho	Counties	50.0	50.0	0	0	0	0	2
Idaho	Cities	60.0	0	0	20.0	20.0	0	5
Illinois	Counties	25.0	40.0	15.0	5.0	15.0	0	20
Illinois	Cities	50.0	21.0	4.8	1.6	22.6	0	62
Indiana	Counties	42.3	15.4	7.7	7.7	26.9	0	26
Indiana	Cities	55.0	10.0	0	10.0	25.0	0	20
Iowa	Counties	0	28.6	42.9	14.3	14.3	0	7
Iowa	Cities	62.5	31.3	6.3	0	0	0	16
Kansas	Counties	42.9	14.3	0	0	42.9	0	7
Kansas	Cities	50.0	33.3	8.3	0	8.3	0	12
Kentucky	Counties	36.4	9.1	18.2	0	18.2	18.2	11
Kentucky	Cities	75.0	0	0	0	25.0	0	8
Louisiana	Counties	28.6	21.4	0	7.1	42.9	0	14
Louisiana	Cities	30.0	30.0	0	0	40.0	0	10
Maine	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maine	Cities	0	0	0	0	100.0	0	2
Maryland	Counties	10.0	60.0	10.0	0	20.0	0	10
Maryland	Cities	33.3	33.3	0	0	33.3	0	6
Massachusetts	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Massachusetts	Cities	43.3	20.0	13.3	3.3	13.3	6.7	30
Michigan	Counties	15.0	30.0	10.0	0	45.0	0	20
Michigan	Cities	51.5	9.1	0	0	39.4	0	33
Minnesota	Counties	20.0	46.7	13.3	6.7	13.3	0	15
Minnesota	Cities	40.0	28.0	8.0	0	24.0	0	25
Mississippi	Counties	33.3	11.1	11.1	0	44.4	0	9
Mississippi	Cities	44.4	11.1	0	11.1	22.2	11.1	9
Missouri	Counties	44.4	22.2	0	5.6	22.2	5.6	18
Missouri	Cities	33.3	38.9	5.6	11.1	5.6	5.6	18
Montana	Counties	0	100.0	0	0	0	0	2
Montana	Cities	40.0	40.0	0	0	20.0	0	5
Nebraska	Counties	33.3	33.3	0	0	33.3	0	6
Nebraska	Cities	20.0	20.0	20.0	0	40.0	0	5
Nevada	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	2
Nevada	Cities	33.3	0	16.7	0	50.0	0	6
New Hampshire	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Hampshire	Cities	40.0	40.0	0	0	20.0	0	5
New Jersey	Counties	15.4	30.8	30.8	7.7	15.4	0	13
New Jersey	Cities	50.0	3.8	0	0	46.2	0	26
New Mexico	Counties	25.0	25.0	0	0	50.0	0	4
New Mexico	Cities	71.4	0	0	0	28.6	0	7
New York	Counties	28.6	25.0	10.7	3.6	32.1	0	28
New York	Cities	60.0	15.0	5.0	0	15.0	5.0	20
North Carolina	Counties	28.6	32.1	7.1	3.6	28.6	0	28
North Carolina	Cities	31.3	25.0	6.3	6.3	31.3	0	16
North Dakota	Counties	0	25.0	25.0	0	25.0	25.0	4
North Dakota	Cities	50.0	25.0	0	0	25.0	0	4
Ohio	Counties	33.3	15.2	9.1	0	39.4	3.0	33
Ohio	Cities	51.2	24.4	2.4	4.9	17.1	0	41
Oklahoma	Counties	10.0	0	0	10.0	80.0	0	10
Oklahoma	Cities	40.0	20.0	0	20.0	20.0	0	10
Oregon	Counties	50.0	30.0	0	0	20.0	0	10
Oregon	Cities	40.0	20.0	20.0	10.0	10.0	0	10
Pennsylvania	Counties	14.8	40.7	7.4	25.9	11.1	0	27
Pennsylvania	Cities	76.5	5.9	0	5.9	11.8	0	17
Rhode Island	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rhode Island	Cities	33.3	0	33.3	0	0	33.3	3
South Carolina	Counties	14.3	35.7	0	21.4	21.4	7.1	14
South Carolina	Cities	45.5	18.2	9.1	0	27.3	0	11
South Dakota	Counties	0	0	0	0	100.0	0	1
South Dakota	Cities	50.0	0	50.0	0	0	0	2
Tennessee	Counties	40.9	18.2	9.1	0	31.8	0	22
Tennessee	Cities	35.7	42.9	0	0	21.4	0	14
Texas	Counties	28.9	10.5	0	2.6	52.6	5.3	38
Texas	Cities	46.6	11.0	4.1	2.7	30.1	5.5	73
Utah	Counties	25.0	75.0	0	0	0	0	4
Utah	Cities	33.3	16.7	25.0	8.3	16.7	0	12
Vermont	Counties	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vermont	Cities	0	0	100.0	0	0	0	1
Virginia	Counties	29.0	35.5	9.7	6.5	19.4	0	31
Virginia	Cities	50.0	25.0	6.3	0	18.8	0	16
Washington	Counties	0	58.3	33.3	0	0	8.3	12
Washington	Cities	27.3	45.5	4.5	4.5	18.2	0	22
West Virginia	Counties	50.0	0	0	0	50.0	0	6
West Virginia	Cities	75.0	0	0	0	25.0	0	4
Wisconsin	Counties	23.5	23.5	11.8	5.9	35.3	0	17
Wisconsin	Cities	45.5	22.7	9.1	0	22.7	0	22
Wyoming	Counties	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Wyoming	Cities	100.0	0	0	0	0	0	2