Month In Review: Index of Reports, Testimony, and Correspondence (Fiscal Year 2007)

 

MIR Home

The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), a nonpartisan agency within the legislative branch of the government, conducts audits, surveys, investigations, and evaluations of federal programs. This work is either self-initiated or done at the request of Congress. GAO presents its findings and recommendations in reports to Congress or in testimony before congressional committees.

This year's annual index of reports, testimony and correspondence lists 945 GAO publications issued in fiscal year 2007 (Oct. 2006 - Sept. 2007). Document title, number, date, and pagination are provided for each publication, which are grouped according to subject categories.

Although there may be instances in which reports or testimony may logically fit under two or more categories, we have tried to place them under the most obvious one.

Agriculture and Food

Budget and Spending

Business, Industry, and Consumers

Civil Rights

Economic Development

Education

Employment

Energy

Environmental Protection

Financial Institutions

Financial Management

Government Operations

Health

Homeland Security

Housing

Income Security

Information Management

International Affairs

Justice and Law Enforcement

National Defense

Natural Resources

Science, Space, and Technology

Social Services

Tax Policy and Administration

Transportation

Veterans Affairs

Agriculture and Food

Agricultural Conservation: Farm Program Payments Are an Important Factor in Landowners' Decisions to Convert Grassland to Cropland
GAO-07-1054, September 10, 2007
Agricultural Conservation: USDA Should Improve Its Management of Key Conservation Programs to Ensure Payments Promote Environmental Goals
GAO-07-370T, January 17, 2007
Crop Insurance: Continuing Efforts Are Needed to Improve Program Integrity and Ensure Program Costs Are Reasonable
GAO-07-819T, May 3, 2007
Crop Insurance: Continuing Efforts Are Needed to Improve Program Integrity and Ensure Program Costs Are Reasonable
GAO-07-944T, June 7, 2007
Federal Farm Programs: USDA Needs to Strengthen Controls to Prevent Improper Payments to Estates and Deceased Individuals
GAO-07-818, July 9, 2007
Federal Farm Programs: USDA Needs to Strengthen Management Controls to Prevent Improper Payments to Estates and Deceased Individuals
GAO-07-1137T, July 24, 2007
Federal Oversight of Food Safety: High-Risk Designation Can Bring Needed Attention to Fragmented System
GAO-07-449T, February 8, 2007
Federal Oversight of Food Safety: High-Risk Designation Can Bring Attention to Limitations in the Government's Food Recall Programs
GAO-07-785T, April 24, 2007
Food Stamp Program: Payment Errors and Trafficking Have Declined despite Increased Program Participation
GAO-07-422T, January 31, 2007
Food Stamp Program: Use of Alternative Methods to Apply for and Maintain Benefits Could Be Enhanced by Additional Evaluation and Information on Promising Practices
GAO-07-573, May 3, 2007
National Animal Identification System: USDA Needs to Resolve Several Key Implementation Issues to Achieve Rapid and Effective Disease Traceback
GAO-07-592, July 6, 2007
[back to top]



Budget and Spending

21st Century Challenges: How Performance Budgeting Can Help
GAO-07-1194T, September 20, 2007
Federal Capital: Three Entities' Implementation of Capital Planning Principles Is Mixed
GAO-07-274, February 23, 2007
Fiscal Stewardship: A Critical Challenge Facing Our Nation
GAO-07-362SP, January 31, 2007
Fiscal Year 2008 Budget Request: U.S. Government Accountability Office
GAO-07-543T, April 19, 2007
Fiscal Year 2008 Budget Request: U.S. Government Accountability Office
GAO-07-547T, March 16, 2007
Long-Term Budget Outlook: Deficits Matter--Saving Our Future Requires Tough Choices Today
GAO-07-389T, January 23, 2007
Long-Term Budget Outlook: Saving Our Future Requires Tough Choices Today
GAO-07-342T, January 11, 2007
Long-Term Fiscal Challenge: Additional Transparency and Controls Are Needed
GAO-07-1144T, July 25, 2007
The Nation's Long-Term Fiscal Outlook April 2007 Update: The Bottom Line: Federal Fiscal Policy Remains Unsustainable
GAO-07-983R, June 4, 2007
The Nation's Long-Term Fiscal Outlook, August 2007 Update: Despite Recent Improvement in the Annual Deficit, Federal Fiscal Policy Remains Unsustainable
GAO-07-1261R, September 28, 2007
The Nation's Long-Term Fiscal Outlook: January 2007 Update
GAO-07-510R, February 23, 2007
Principles of Federal Appropriations Law: Annual Update of the Third Edition
GAO-07-508SP, March 15, 2007
State and Local Governments: Persistent Fiscal Challenges Will Likely Emerge within the Next Decade
GAO-07-1080SP, July 18, 2007
Understanding Similarities and Differences Between Accrual and Cash Deficits
GAO-07-117SP, December 1, 2006
Understanding Similarities and Differences between Accrual and Cash Deficits: Update for Fiscal Year 2006
GAO-07-341SP, January 22, 2007
[back to top]



Business, Industry, and Consumers

Bankruptcy Reform: Value of Credit Counseling Requirement Is Not Clear
GAO-07-203, April 6, 2007
Bankruptcy Reform: Value of Credit Counseling Requirements Is Not Clear
GAO-07-778T, May 1, 2007
Company Formations: Minimal Ownership Information Is Collected and Available
GAO-07-196T, November 14, 2006
Consumer Protection: Some Improvements in Federal Oversight of Household Goods Moving Industry Since 2001, but More Action Needed to Better Protect Individual Consumers
GAO-07-586, May 16, 2007
Corporate Shareholder Meetings: Issues Relating to Firms That Advise Institutional Investors on Proxy Voting
GAO-07-765, June 29, 2007
Credit Cards: Increased Complexity in Rates and Fees Heightens Need for More Effective Disclosures to Consumers
GAO-06-929, September 12, 2006
Digital Television Transition: Preliminary Information on Initial Consumer Education Efforts
GAO-07-1248T, September 19, 2007
Federal Advertising: Established Programs Were Largely Used to Address Executive Order Directive to Ensure Small and Minority-Owned Business Participation
GAO-07-877, July 12, 2007
Science and Technology: Information on Federal Programs and Interagency Efforts That Support Small Businesses Engaged in Manufacturing
GAO-07-714, May 18, 2007
Small Business Administration: Additional Steps Needed to Enhance Agency Preparedness for Future Disasters
GAO-07-114, February 14, 2007
Small Business Administration: Preliminary Views on Issues Related to the Women's Business Center Program
GAO-07-1244T, September 20, 2007
Small Business Administration: Response to the Gulf Coast Hurricanes Highlights Need for Enhanced Disaster Preparedness
GAO-07-1124T, July 25, 2007
Small Business Contracting: Observations from Reviews of Contracting and Advocacy Activities of Federal Agencies
GAO-07-1255T, September 26, 2007
Small Business Innovation Research: Agencies Need to Strengthen Efforts to Improve the Completeness, Consistency, and Accuracy of Awards Data
GAO-07-38, October 19, 2006
Title Insurance: Actions Needed to Improve Oversight of the Title Industry and Better Protect Consumers
GAO-07-401, April 13, 2007
[back to top]



Civil Rights

Data on Hispanic Representation in the Federal Workforce
GAO-07-493R, May 18, 2007
Human Capital: Diversity in the Federal SES and the Senior Levels of the U.S. Postal Service
GAO-07-838T, May 10, 2007
Human Capital: Efforts to Enhance Diversity and Ensure a Fair and Inclusive Workplace at GAO
GAO-07-901T, May 22, 2007
[back to top]



Economic Development

Budget Issues: FEMA Needs Adequate Data, Plans, and Systems to Effectively Manage Resources for Day-to-Day Operations
GAO-07-139, January 19, 2007
Disaster Assistance: Better Planning Needed for Housing Victims of Catastrophic Disasters
GAO-07-88, February 28, 2007
Disaster Preparedness: Better Planning Would Improve OSHA's Efforts to Protect Workers' Safety and Health in Disasters
GAO-07-193, March 28, 2007
Economic Development: Formal Monitoring Approaches Needed to Help Ensure Compliance with Restrictions on Funding Employer Relocations
GAO-07-1005, September 10, 2007
Emergency Management Assistance Compact: Enhancing EMAC's Collaborative and Administrative Capacity Should Improve National Disaster Response
GAO-07-854, June 29, 2007
Gulf Coast Rebuilding: Preliminary Observations on Progress to Date and Challenges for the Future
GAO-07-574T, April 12, 2007
Hurricane Katrina: Agency Contracting Data Should Be More Complete Regarding Subcontracting Opportunities for Small Businesses
GAO-07-205, March 1, 2007
Hurricane Katrina: Agency Contracting Data Should Be More Complete Regarding Subcontracting Opportunities for Small Business
GAO-07-698T, April 12, 2007
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita Disaster Relief: Continued Findings of Fraud, Waste, and Abuse
GAO-07-252T, December 6, 2006
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita Disaster Relief: Continued Findings of Fraud, Waste, and Abuse
GAO-07-300, March 15, 2007
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita Disaster Relief: Prevention Is the Key to Minimizing Fraud, Waste, and Abuse in Recovery Efforts
GAO-07-418T, January 29, 2007
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Federal Actions Could Enhance Preparedness of Certain State-Administered Federal Support Programs
GAO-07-219, February 7, 2007
National Flood Insurance Program: FEMA's Management and Oversight of Payments for Insurance Company Services Should Be Improved
GAO-07-1078, September 5, 2007
National Flood Insurance Program: New Processes Aided Hurricane Katrina Claims Handling, but FEMA's Oversight Should Be Improved
GAO-07-169, December 15, 2006
Poverty In America: Consequences for Individuals and the Economy
GAO-07-343T, January 24, 2007
Poverty in America: Economic Research Shows Adverse Impacts on Health Status and Other Social Conditions as well as the Economic Growth Rate
GAO-07-344, January 24, 2007
Youthbuild Program: Analysis of Outcome Data Needed to Determine Long-Term Benefits
GAO-07-82, February 28, 2007
[back to top]



Education

Abstinence Education: Efforts to Assess the Accuracy and Effectiveness of Federally Funded Programs
GAO-07-87, October 3, 2006
Capital Financing: Department Management Improvements Could Enhance Education's Loan Program for Historically Black Colleges and Universities
GAO-07-64, October 18, 2006
Federal Family Education Loan Program: Eliminating the Exceptional Performer Designation Would Result in Substantial Savings without Adversely Affecting the Loan Program
GAO-07-1087, July 26, 2007
Federal Family Education Loan Program: Increased Department of Education Oversight of Lender and School Activities Needed to Help Ensure Program Compliance
GAO-07-750, July 31, 2007
Financial Literacy and Education Commission: Further Progress Needed to Ensure an Effective National Strategy
GAO-07-777T, April 30, 2007
Health Careers Opportunity Program: Process for Awarding Competitive Grants Included Independent Review
GAO-07-137, February 2, 2007
Higher Education: Challenges in Attracting International Students to the United States and Implications for Global Competitiveness
GAO-07-1047T, June 29, 2007
Higher Education: Including Public, Nonprofit, and For-Profit Institutions in a Single Definition Is Unlikely to Immediately Affect Federal Spending, but Long-term Effects Are Unclear
GAO-07-857, July 31, 2007
Higher Education: Information Sharing Could Help Institutions Identify and Address Challenges Some Asian Americans and Pacific Islander Students Face
GAO-07-925, July 25, 2007
Higher Education: Issues Related to Law School Accreditation
GAO-07-314, March 8, 2007
Higher Education: More Information Could Help Education Determine the Extent to Which Eligible Servicemembers Serving on Active Duty Benefited from Relief Provided by Lenders and Schools
GAO-07-11, November 1, 2006
Highlights of a GAO Forum: Global Competitiveness: Implications for the Nation's Higher Education System
GAO-07-135SP, January 23, 2007
Intercollegiate Athletics: Recent Trends in Teams and Participants in National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports
GAO-07-535, July 12, 2007
Intercollegiate Athletics: Trends by Sport in National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports
GAO-07-744SP, July 12, 2007
Low-Income and Minority Serving Institutions: Education Has Taken Steps to Improve Monitoring and Assistance, but Further Progress Is Needed
GAO-07-926T, June 4, 2007
No Child Left Behind Act: Education Actions May Help Improve Implementation and Evaluation of Supplemental Educational Services
GAO-07-738T, April 18, 2007
No Child Left Behind Act: Education Assistance Could Help States Better Measure Progress of Students with Limited English Proficiency
GAO-07-646T, March 23, 2007
No Child Left Behind Act: Education Should Clarify Guidance and Address Potential Compliance Issues for Schools in Corrective Action and Restructuring Status
GAO-07-1035, September 5, 2007
No Child Left Behind Act: Education's Data Improvement Efforts Could Strengthen the Basis for Distributing Title III Funds
GAO-07-140, December 7, 2006
Postsecondary Education: Multiple Tax Preferences and Title IV Student Aid Programs Create a Complex Education Financing Environment
GAO-07-262T, December 5, 2006
Reading First: States Report Improvements in Reading Instruction, but Additional Procedures Would Clarify Education's Role in Ensuring Proper Implementation by States
GAO-07-161, February 28, 2007
Teacher Quality: Approaches, Implementation, and Evaluation of Key Federal Efforts
GAO-07-861T, May 17, 2007
[back to top]



Employment

Employee Misclassification: Improved Outreach Could Help Ensure Proper Worker Classification
GAO-07-859T, May 8, 2007
Employer-Sponsored Benefits: Many Factors Affect the Treatment of Pension and Health Benefits in Chapter 11 Bankruptcy
GAO-07-1101, September 6, 2007
Employer-Sponsored Health and Retirement Benefits: Efforts to Control Employer Costs and the Implications for Workers
GAO-07-355, March 30, 2007
Employment Verification: Challenges Exist in Implementing a Mandatory Electronic Verification System
GAO-07-924T, June 7, 2007
Federal Disability Assistance: Stronger Federal Oversight Could Help Assure Multiple Programs' Accountability
GAO-07-236, January 26, 2007
Highlights of a GAO Forum: Engaging and Retaining Older Workers
GAO-07-438SP, February 28, 2007
Human Capital: Federal Workforce Challenges in the 21st Century
GAO-07-556T, March 6, 2007
Older Workers: Some Best Practices and Strategies for Engaging and Retaining Older Workers
GAO-07-433T, February 28, 2007
Retiree Health Benefits: Majority of Sponsors Continued to Offer Prescription Drug Coverage and Chose the Retiree Drug Subsidy
GAO-07-572, May 31, 2007
Retirement Decisions: Federal Policies Offer Mixed Signals about When to Retire
GAO-07-753, July 11, 2007
Trade Adjustment Assistance: Changes Needed to Improve States' Ability to Provide Benefits and Services to Trade-Affected Workers
GAO-07-995T, June 14, 2007
Trade Adjustment Assistance: Changes to Funding Allocation and Eligibility Requirements Could Enhance States' Ability to Provide Benefits and Services
GAO-07-701, May 31, 2007
Trade Adjustment Assistance: Changes to Funding Allocation and Eligibility Requirements Could Enhance States' Ability to Provide Benefits and Services
GAO-07-702, May 31, 2007
Trade Adjustment Assistance: New Program for Farmers Provides Some Assistance, but Has Had Limited Participation and Low Program Expenditures
GAO-07-201, December 18, 2006
Trade Adjustment Assistance: Program Provides an Array of Benefits and Services to Trade-Affected Workers
GAO-07-994T, June 14, 2007
Unemployment Insurance: Low-Wage and Part-Time Workers Continue to Experience Low Rates of Receipt
GAO-07-1147, September 7, 2007
Unemployment Insurance: Receipt of Benefits Has Declined, with Continued Disparities for Low-Wage and Part-Time Workers
GAO-07-1243T, September 19, 2007
Vocational Rehabilitation: Improved Information and Practices May Enhance State Agency Earnings Outcomes for SSA Beneficiaries
GAO-07-521, May 23, 2007
Women and Low-Skilled Workers: Efforts in Other Countries to Help These Workers Enter and Remain in the Workforce
GAO-07-989T, June 14, 2007
Women and Low-Skilled Workers: Other Countries' Policies and Practices That May Help These Workers Enter and Remain in the Labor Force
GAO-07-817, June 14, 2007
Workforce Investment Act: Additional Actions Would Further Improve the Workforce System
GAO-07-1051T, June 28, 2007
Workforce Investment Act: Employers Found One-Stop Centers Useful in Hiring Low-Skilled Workers; Performance Information Could Help Gauge Employer Involvement
GAO-07-167, December 22, 2006
[back to top]



Energy

Advanced Energy Technologies: Key Challenges to Their Development and Deployment
GAO-07-550T, February 28, 2007
Biofuels: DOE Lacks a Strategic Approach to Coordinate Increasing Production with Infrastructure Development and Vehicle Needs
GAO-07-713, June 8, 2007
Crude Oil: California Crude Oil Price Fluctuations Are Consistent with Broader Market Trends
GAO-07-315, January 19, 2007
Crude Oil: Uncertainty about Future Oil Supply Makes It Important to Develop a Strategy for Addressing a Peak and Decline in Oil Production
GAO-07-283, February 28, 2007
Department of Energy: Consistent Application of Requirements Needed to Improve Project Management
GAO-07-518, May 11, 2007
Department of Energy: Key Challenges Remain for Developing and Deploying Advanced Energy Technologies to Meet Future Needs
GAO-07-106, December 20, 2006
The Department of Energy: Key Steps Needed to Help Ensure the Success of the New Loan Guarantee Program for Innovative Technologies by Better Managing Its Financial Risk
GAO-07-339R, February 28, 2007
Department of Energy: Major Construction Projects Need a Consistent Approach for Assessing Technology Readiness to Help Avoid Cost Increases and Delays
GAO-07-336, March 27, 2007
Department of Energy: Observations on Actions to Implement the New Loan Guarantee Program for Innovative Technologies
GAO-07-798T, April 24, 2007
Energy Derivatives: Preliminary Views on Energy Derivatives Trading and CFTC Oversight
GAO-07-1095T, July 12, 2007
Energy Efficiency: Important Challenges Must Be Overcome to Realize Significant Opportunities for Energy Efficiency Improvements in Gulf Coast Reconstruction
GAO-07-654, June 26, 2007
Energy Efficiency: Long-standing Problems with DOE's Program for Setting Efficiency Standards Continue to Result in Forgone Energy Savings
GAO-07-42, January 31, 2007
Energy Employees Compensation: GAO's Prior Work Has Identified Needed Improvements in Various Aspects of the Program
GAO-07-233T, December 5, 2006
Energy Markets: Factors That Influence Gasoline Prices
GAO-07-902T, May 22, 2007
Energy Markets: Mergers and Other Factors That Influence Gasoline Prices
GAO-07-894T, May 23, 2007
Hanford Waste Treatment Plant: Department of Energy Needs to Strengthen Controls over Contractor Payments and Project Assets
GAO-07-888, July 20, 2007
Human Capital: Retirements and Anticipated New Reactor Applications Will Challenge NRC's Workforce
GAO-07-105, January 17, 2007
International Energy: International Forums Contribute to Energy Cooperation within Constraints
GAO-07-170, December 19, 2006
National Nuclear Security Administration: Security and Management Improvements Can Enhance Implementation of the NNSA Act
GAO-07-428T, January 31, 2007
Natural Gas: Roles of Federal and State Regulators in Overseeing Prices
GAO-06-968, September 8, 2006
Nuclear Energy: NRC's Workforce and Processes for New Reactor Licensing Are Generally in Place, but Uncertainties Remain as Industry Begins to Submit Applications
GAO-07-1129, September 21, 2007
Nuclear Safety: Construction of the Protective Shelter for the Chernobyl Nuclear Reactor Faces Schedule Delays, Potential Cost Increases, and Technical Uncertainties
GAO-07-923, July 19, 2007
Nuclear Safety: DOE's Investigation of Phosgene Gas Contamination Was Inadequate, but Experts Conclude That Worker Safety and Facilities Are Not Threatened
GAO-07-712, May 31, 2007
Nuclear Security: Actions Taken by NRC to Strengthen Its Licensing Process for Sealed Radioactive Sources Are Not Effective
GAO-07-1038T, July 12, 2007
Nuclear Security: DOE and NRC Have Different Security Requirements for Protecting Weapons-Grade Material from Terrorist Attacks
GAO-07-1197R, September 11, 2007
Oil and Gas Royalties: A Comparison of the Share of Revenue Received from Oil and Gas Production by the Federal Government and Other Resource Owners
GAO-07-676R, May 1, 2007
Oil and Gas Royalties: Royalty Relief Will Cost the Government Billions of Dollars but Uncertainty Over Future Energy Prices and Production Levels Make Precise Estimates Impossible at this Time
GAO-07-590R, April 12, 2007
Oil and Gas Royalties: Royalty Relief Will Likely Cost the Government Billions, but the Final Costs Have Yet to Be Determined
GAO-07-369T, January 18, 2007
Passenger Vehicle Fuel Economy: Preliminary Observations on Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards
GAO-07-551T, March 6, 2007
Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Available Oil Can Provide Significant Benefits, but Many Factors Should Influence Future Decisions about Fill, Use, and Expansion
GAO-06-872, August 24, 2006
Yucca Mountain: DOE Has Improved Its Quality Assurance Program, but Whether Its Application for a NRC License Will Be High Quality Is Unclear
GAO-07-1010, August 2, 2007
Yucca Mountain Project: Information on Estimated Costs to Respond to Employee E-Mails That Raised Questions about Quality Assurance
GAO-07-297R, January 19, 2007
[back to top]



Environmental Protection

Aboveground Oil Storage Tanks: Observations on EPA's Economic Analyses of Amendments to the Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure Rule
GAO-07-763, July 27, 2007
The BEACH Act of 2000: EPA and States Have Made Progress Implementing the Act, but Further Actions Could Increase Public Health Protection
GAO-07-1073T, July 12, 2007
Chemical Regulation: Comparison of U.S. and Recently Enacted European Union Approaches to Protect against the Risks of Toxic Chemicals
GAO-07-825, August 17, 2007
Clean Water: Further Implementation and Better Cost Data Needed to Determine Impact of EPA's Storm Water Program on Communities
GAO-07-479, May 31, 2007
Climate Change: Agencies Should Develop Guidance for Addressing the Effects on Federal Land and Water Resources
GAO-07-863, August 7, 2007
Climate Change: Financial Risks to Federal and Private Insurers in Coming Decades Are Potentially Significant
GAO-07-285, March 16, 2007
Climate Change: Financial Risks to Federal and Private Insurers in Coming Decades are Potentially Significant
GAO-07-760T, April 19, 2007
Climate Change: Financial Risks to Federal and Private Insurers in Coming Decades are Potentially Significant
GAO-07-820T, May 3, 2007
Coastal Barrier Resources System: Status of Development That Has Occurred and Financial Assistance Provided by Federal Agencies
GAO-07-356, March 19, 2007
Defense Health Care: Issues Related to Past Drinking Water Contamination at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune
GAO-07-933T, June 12, 2007
Environmental Contamination: Department of Defense Activities Related to Trichloroethylene, Perchlorate, and Other Emerging Contaminants
GAO-07-1042T, July 12, 2007
Environmental Information: EPA Actions Could Reduce the Availability of Environmental Information to the Public
GAO-07-464T, February 6, 2007
Environmental Justice: Measurable Benchmarks Needed to Gauge EPA Progress in Correcting Past Problems
GAO-07-1140T, July 25, 2007
Environmental Protection: EPA-State Enforcement Partnership Has Improved, but EPA's Oversight Needs Further Enhancement
GAO-07-883, July 31, 2007
Great Lakes: EPA and States Have Made Progress in Implementing the BEACH Act, but Additional Actions Could Improve Public Health Protection
GAO-07-591, May 1, 2007
Hurricane Katrina: EPA's Current and Future Environmental Protection Efforts Could Be Enhanced by Addressing Issues and Challenges Faced on the Gulf Coast
GAO-07-651, June 25, 2007
Implementation of the Beach Act of 2000: EPA and States Have Made Progress, but Additional Actions Could Improve Public Health Protection
GAO-07-1043T, June 27, 2007
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks: EPA Should Take Steps to Better Ensure the Effective Use of Public Funding for Cleanups
GAO-07-152, February 8, 2007
Legislative Branch: Energy Audits are Key to Strategy for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
GAO-07-516, April 25, 2007
Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management: Approaches Used by Foreign Countries May Provide Useful Lessons for Managing U.S. Radioactive Waste