GAO provided information on federal programs that assist states, municipalities, individuals, and other entities in protecting surface water and groundwater resources from pollution.

GAO found that: (1) there are 72 federal programs that provide assistance for improving water quality; (2) the Department of Agriculture has expanded its traditional programs and added new programs to address water quality concerns directly; (3) these programs primarily provide payments, direct loans, loan guarantees, and grants to states and localities to protect water resources; and (4) several other federal agencies conduct studies and provide research, technical, and engineering support for water quality projects as well as financial assistance.