What GAO Found

From fiscal years 2005 through 2011, the physical condition of the Coast Guard’s legacy vessels was generally poor; and the Coast Guard has taken two key actions to improve the vessels’ condition: reorganizing its maintenance command structure and implementing sustainment initiatives for portions of its legacy vessel fleet. The Coast Guard’s primary measure of a vessel’s condition is the operational percent of time free of major casualties (a major casualty is a deficiency in mission essential equipment that causes the major degradation or loss of a primary mission). This measure shows that the 378-foot high endurance cutters (HEC), the 210-foot and 270-foot medium endurance cutters (MEC), and 110-foot patrol boats generally remained well below target levels from fiscal years 2005 through 2011. To improve the condition of the vessel fleet, in 2009, the Coast Guard reorganized its maintenance command structure to focus on standardization of practices, and reported it was on schedule to complete sustainment initiatives by fiscal year 2014, which are intended to improve vessel operating and cost performance.

Annual maintenance expenditures for the legacy vessel fleet—such as those associated with scheduled maintenance costs—declined from fiscal years 2005 to 2007 and then rose from fiscal years 2007 to 2011; and the Coast Guard’s maintenance cost estimating process does not fully reflect best practices. Scheduled maintenance expenditures rose from $46.1 million to $85.2 million from fiscal years 2008 to 2009, an increase Coast Guard officials attributed to better identifying maintenance needs and receiving supplemental funding. GAO’s Cost Estimating and Assessment Guide states that a high-quality and reliable cost estimate includes best practice characteristics, three of which are relevant to the Coast Guard’s process: well-documented, comprehensive, and accurate. The Coast Guard’s process partially meets these characteristics. For example, it is partially comprehensive because it defines the program, among other things, but does not document all cost-influencing ground rules and assumptions (e.g., inflation rate). Annual cost estimates for legacy vessel fleet maintenance that incorporate established best practices would provide better information to inform the Coast Guard’s decisions in effectively allocating available resources in the constrained federal budget environment.

The operational capacity of the legacy vessel fleet generally declined from fiscal years 2005 through 2011, contributing to operational capacity targets becoming increasingly unrealistic. For example, the HECs and 210-foot MECs did not meet operational hour targets from fiscal years 2005 through 2011. Coast Guard officials reported that declining operational capacity hindered mission performance. The Coast Guard uses operational hour targets to inform planning decisions, such as setting performance targets. Legacy vessel capacity is declining and expected to continue to decline; nevertheless, the Coast Guard has not revised operational hour targets. Coast Guard officials reported that adjusting operational hour targets would lower its mission performance targets; however, these targets have gone unmet because of declining legacy vessel capacity. Legacy fleet operational hour targets that reflect actual capacity, as evidenced by historic performance, could help the Coast Guard more effectively allocate its resources and ensure it sets achievable performance targets.

Status Legend:

Review Pending-GAO has not yet assessed implementation status.

Open-Actions to satisfy the intent of the recommendation have not been taken or are being planned, or actions that partially satisfy the intent of the recommendation have been taken.

Closed-implemented-Actions that satisfy the intent of the recommendation have been taken.

Closed-not implemented-While the intent of the recommendation has not been satisfied, time or circumstances have rendered the recommendation invalid.

• Review Pending
• Open
• Closed - implemented
• Closed - not implemented

Recommendations for Executive Action

Recommendation: To strengthen the comprehensiveness, documentation, and accuracy of the Coast Guard's annual depot-level maintenance cost estimates for its legacy vessel fleet, the Secretary of Homeland Security should direct the Commandant of the Coast Guard to ensure that the Coast Guard's annual depot-level maintenance cost estimates conform to cost-estimating best practices.

Agency Affected: Department of Homeland Security

Status: Review Pending

Comments: When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information.

Recommendation: To help ensure that the Coast Guard's planning processes result in the effective allocation of available resources and to better ensure it sets achievable performance goals, the Secretary of Homeland Security should direct the Commandant of the Coast Guard to adjust legacy vessel fleet operational hour targets to reflect actual capacity, as appropriate by class.

Agency Affected: Department of Homeland Security

Status: Review Pending

Comments: When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information.